{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:36:24Z","timestamp":1790753784570,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":182,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["211042\/Z\/18\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["211042\/Z\/18\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chronic hepatitis B infection remains a serious global health threat, contributing to a large number of deaths through liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current treatment does not eradicate disease, and therefore new treatments are urgently needed. In acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) a strong immune response is necessary to clear the virus, but in chronic infection the immune response is weakened and dysfunctional. Therapeutic vaccination describes the process of inoculating individuals with a non-infective form of viral antigen with the aim of inducing or boosting existing HBV-specific immune responses, resulting in sustained control of HBV infection. In this review we outline the rationale for therapeutic vaccination in chronic HBV infection, discuss previous and ongoing trials of novel HBV therapeutic vaccine candidates and outline strategies to improve vaccine efficacy going forward.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T02:25:21Z","timestamp":1620613521000},"page":"106-118","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Therapeutic vaccination for treatment of chronic hepatitis B"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"205","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2863-0835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamsin","family":"Cargill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0860-0831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleanor","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0001","volume-title":"Global hepatitis report, 2017","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0002","volume-title":"Global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis 2016\u20132021","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2016"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0003","article-title":"Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide is a functional receptor for human hepatitis B and D virus","volume":"13","author":"Yan","year":"2012","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112370","article-title":"The e antigen and vertical transmission of hepatitis B surface antigen","volume":"105","author":"Beasley","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6099.1416-d","article-title":"Anti-e and vertical transmission of hepatitis B surface antigen","volume":"2","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"1977","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197604012941402","article-title":"e antigen and anti-e in the serum of asymptomatic carrier mothers as indicators of positive and negative transmission of hepatitis B virus to their infants","volume":"294","author":"Okada","year":"1976","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1993.0102","article-title":"The influence of age on the development of the hepatitis B carrier state","volume":"253","author":"Edmunds","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.03.021","article-title":"Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"67","author":"European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL)","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28438","article-title":"Discontinuation of oral antivirals in chronic hepatitis B: a systematic review","volume":"63","author":"Papatheodoridis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.07.012","article-title":"Long-term response after stopping tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in non-cirrhotic HBeAg-negative patients \u2013 FINITE study","volume":"67","author":"Berg","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.05.008","article-title":"Hepatitis B cure: from discovery to regulatory approval","volume":"67","author":"Lok","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13126","article-title":"Roadmap to functional cure of chronic hepatitis B: an expert consensus","volume":"26","author":"Ning","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1096-1104","article-title":"The hepatitis B virus persists for decades after patients\u2019 recovery from acute viral hepatitis despite active maintenance of a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response","volume":"2","author":"Rehermann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.1.68-76.2003","article-title":"CD8(+) T cells mediate viral clearance and disease pathogenesis during acute hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"77","author":"Thimme","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(03)00292-7","article-title":"Transient restoration of anti-viral T cell responses induced by lamivudine therapy in chronic hepatitis B","volume":"39","author":"Boni","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1436","article-title":"Durability of hepatitis B surface antigen loss with nucleotide analogue and peginterferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B","volume":"4","author":"Lok","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.10.032","article-title":"Targeting innate and adaptive immune responses to cure chronic HBV infection","volume":"156","author":"Gehring","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3187","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9103187","article-title":"New approaches to the treatment of chronic hepatitis B","volume":"9","author":"Alexopoulou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0196-9","article-title":"Restoring, releasing or replacing adaptive immunity in chronic hepatitis B","volume":"16","author":"Maini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70289-1","article-title":"Direct ex vivo analysis of hepatitis B virus-specific CD8(+) T cells associated with the control of infection","volume":"117","author":"Maini","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3442","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.145.10.3442","article-title":"Cellular immune response to hepatitis B virus-encoded antigens in acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"145","author":"Ferrari","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115280","article-title":"Identification of immunodominant T cell epitopes of the hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid antigen","volume":"88","author":"Ferrari","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.174.6.1565","article-title":"Cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize an HLA-A2-restricted epitope within the hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid antigen","volume":"174","author":"Penna","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10445","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.23.10445","article-title":"HLA class I-restricted human cytotoxic T cells recognize endogenously synthesized hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid antigen","volume":"88","author":"Bertoletti","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.67.4.2376-2380.1993","article-title":"Definition of a minimal optimal cytotoxic T-cell epitope within the hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid protein","volume":"67","author":"Bertoletti","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.177.3.751","article-title":"HLA-A31- and HLA-Aw68-restricted cytotoxic T cell responses to a single hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid epitope during acute viral hepatitis","volume":"177","author":"Missale","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4659","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.10.4659","article-title":"HLA A2 restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to multiple hepatitis B surface antigen epitopes during hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"150","author":"Nayersina","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5415.825","article-title":"Viral clearance without destruction of infected cells during acute HBV infection","volume":"284","author":"Guidotti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2016.09.11","article-title":"Diagnosis of hepatitis B","volume":"4","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4215","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02844-06","article-title":"Characterization of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific T-cell dysfunction in chronic HBV infection","volume":"81","author":"Boni","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20072076","article-title":"Functional skewing of the global CD8 T cell population in chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"205","author":"Das","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.8.1269","article-title":"The role of virus-specific CD8(+) cells in liver damage and viral control during persistent hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"191","author":"Maini","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20011723","article-title":"Escaping high viral load exhaustion: CD8 cells with altered tetramer binding in chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"195","author":"Reignat","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21844","article-title":"The phenotype of hepatitis B virus-specific T cells differ in the liver and blood in chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"46","author":"Chang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10986","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01124-08","article-title":"Host ethnicity and virus genotype shape the hepatitis B virus-specific T-cell repertoire","volume":"82","author":"Tan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5707","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.11.5707-5719.2004","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of CD8+ T cells specific for structural and nonstructural hepatitis B virus proteins in patients with chronic hepatitis B: implications for immunotherapy","volume":"78","author":"Webster","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.09.052","article-title":"Antiviral intrahepatic T-cell responses can be restored by blocking programmed death-1 pathway in chronic hepatitis B","volume":"138","author":"Fisicaro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23936","article-title":"The immunoregulatory role of CD244 in chronic hepatitis B infection and its inhibitory potential on virus-specific CD8+ T-cell function","volume":"52","author":"Raziorrouh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24249","article-title":"Role of the coinhibitory receptor cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 on apoptosis-prone CD8 T cells in persistent hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"53","author":"Schurich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047648","article-title":"Upregulation of the Tim-3\/galectin-9 pathway of T cell exhaustion in chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"7","author":"Nebbia","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.11.050","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus-specific and global T-cell dysfunction in chronic hepatitis B","volume":"150","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201141852","article-title":"Blockade of Tim-3 signaling restores the virus-specific CD8+ T-cell response in patients with chronic hepatitis B","volume":"42","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.08.041","article-title":"Combined blockade of programmed death-1 and activation of CD137 increase responses of human liver T cells against HBV, but not HCV","volume":"143","author":"Fisicaro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.07.005","article-title":"Restoration of HBV-specific CD8+ T cell function by PD-1 blockade in inactive carrier patients is linked to T cell differentiation","volume":"61","author":"Bengsch","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0221-9","article-title":"Defining \u2018T cell exhaustion\u2019","volume":"19","author":"Blank","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20162115","article-title":"IL-2high tissue-resident T cells in the human liver: Sentinels for hepatotropic infection","volume":"214","author":"Pallett","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1325-x","article-title":"TOX transcriptionally and epigenetically programs CD8+ T cell exhaustion","volume":"571","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1326-9","article-title":"TOX reinforces the phenotype and longevity of exhausted T cells in chronic viral infection","volume":"571","author":"Alfei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0049","article-title":"TOX defines the degree of CD8+ T cell dysfunction in distinct phases of chronic HBV infection","author":"Heim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20131333","article-title":"Dysfunctional CD8+ T cells in hepatitis B and C are characterized by a lack of antigen-specific T-bet induction","volume":"211","author":"Kurktschiev","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4275","article-title":"Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction can restore antiviral activity of exhausted HBV-specific CD8 T cells in chronic hepatitis B","volume":"23","author":"Fisicaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI33402","article-title":"Bim-mediated deletion of antigen-specific CD8 T cells in patients unable to control HBV infection","volume":"118","author":"Lopes","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4588","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI121960","article-title":"Circulating and intrahepatic antiviral B cells are defective in hepatitis B","volume":"128","author":"Burton","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4573","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI121957","article-title":"PD-1 blockade partially recovers dysfunctional virus-specific B cells in chronic hepatitis B infection","volume":"128","author":"Salimzadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.04.019","article-title":"Effects of hepatitis B Surface antigen on virus-specific and global T Cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"159","author":"Le Bert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2017.07.003","article-title":"Atypical memory B cells in human chronic infectious diseases: an interim report","volume":"321","author":"Portugal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-316641","article-title":"Phenotypic and functional differences of HBV core-specific versus HBV polymerase-specific CD8+ T cells in chronically HBV-infected patients with low viral load","volume":"68","author":"Schuch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-316644","article-title":"Phenotype and function of HBV-specific T cells is determined by the targeted epitope in addition to the stage of infection","volume":"68","author":"Hoogeveen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15050","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15050","article-title":"TCF1+ hepatitis C virus-specific CD8+ T cells are maintained after cessation of chronic antigen stimulation","volume":"3","author":"Wieland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-317071","article-title":"Fine needle aspirates comprehensively sample intrahepatic immunity","volume":"68","author":"Gill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.03.037","article-title":"Dynamic programmed death 1 expression by virus-specific CD8 T cells correlates with the outcome of acute hepatitis B","volume":"134","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI3731","article-title":"Lamivudine treatment can restore T cell responsiveness in chronic hepatitis B","volume":"102","author":"Boni","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.23045","article-title":"Lamivudine treatment can overcome cytotoxic T-cell hyporesponsiveness in chronic hepatitis B: new perspectives for immune therapy","volume":"33","author":"Boni","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1086\/368369","article-title":"Tracking the source of the hepatitis B virus-specific CD8 T cells during lamivudine treatment","volume":"187","author":"Malacarne","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.07.014","article-title":"Restored function of HBV-specific T cells after long-term effective therapy with nucleos(t)ide analogues","volume":"143","author":"Boni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01383.x","article-title":"Characterization of the T cell recognition of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by good and poor responders to hepatitis B vaccines","volume":"122","author":"Desombere","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v112.pm9178695","article-title":"Epitope specificity of Th0\/Th2 CD4+ T-lymphocyte clones induced by vaccination with rHBsAg vaccine","volume":"112","author":"Honorati","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0198-8859(96)00009-2","article-title":"Identification of an epitope for T-cells correlated with antibody response to hepatitis B surface antigen in vaccinated humans","volume":"46","author":"Min","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1086\/314828","article-title":"Specific vaccine therapy in chronic hepatitis B: induction of T cell proliferative responses specific for envelope antigens","volume":"180","author":"Couillin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91384-6","article-title":"Specific vaccine therapy in chronic hepatitis B infection","volume":"344","author":"Pol","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00028-9","article-title":"Efficacy and limitations of a specific immunotherapy in chronic hepatitis B","volume":"34","author":"Pol","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0072","first-page":"6","article-title":"The effect of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine therapy in chronic hepatitis B infection","volume":"13","author":"Pata","year":"2002","journal-title":"Turk J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-003-3187-1","article-title":"Specific hepatitis B vaccine therapy in inactive HBsAg carriers: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Yalcin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000059443.49414.8b","article-title":"Therapeutic vaccination in the immunotolerant phase of children with chronic hepatitis B infection","volume":"22","author":"Dikici","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2003.02950.x","article-title":"Failure of therapeutic vaccination using hepatitis B surface antigen vaccine in the immunotolerant phase of children with chronic hepatitis B infection","volume":"18","author":"Dikici","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91126-X","article-title":"Hepatitis B vaccine and anti-HBs complex as approach for vaccine therapy","volume":"345","author":"Wen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.11.019","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of hepatitis B surface antigen-antibody complex is associated with cytolytic and non-cytolytic immune responses in hepatitis B patients","volume":"25","author":"Yao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/8b913538-74f4-4560-b700-0936a8e35847","article-title":"A randomized controlled phase IIb trial of antigen\u2013antibody immunogenic complex therapeutic vaccine in chronic hepatitis B patients","volume":"3","author":"Xu","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.09.093","article-title":"Serum HBeAg sero-conversion correlated with decrease of HBsAg and HBV DNA in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with a therapeutic vaccine","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.05.003","article-title":"Results of a phase III clinical trial with an HBsAg-HBIG immunogenic complex therapeutic vaccine for chronic hepatitis B patients: experiences and findings","volume":"59","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.2165","article-title":"Clinical and immunological efficacy of intradermal vaccine plus lamivudine with or without interleukin-2 in patients with chronic hepatitis B","volume":"66","author":"Dahmen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1179\/joc.2002.14.3.285","article-title":"Comparison of different treatment combinations for chronic hepatitis B infection","volume":"14","author":"Demirt\u00fcrk","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Chemother"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2004.03358.x","article-title":"Efficacy of hepatitis B vaccination and interferon-alpha-2b combination therapy versus interferon-alpha-2b monotherapy in children with chronic hepatitis B","volume":"19","author":"Helvaci","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2004.07.004","article-title":"In vivo immunization by vaccine therapy following virus suppression by lamivudine: a novel approach for treating patients with chronic hepatitis B","volume":"32","author":"Horiike","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.09.072","article-title":"Therapeutic vaccination of chronic hepatitis B patients with virus suppression by antiviral therapy: a randomized, controlled study of co-administration of HBsAg\/AS02 candidate vaccine and lamivudine","volume":"25","author":"Vandepapeli\u00e8re","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2007.00107.x","article-title":"Combination therapy with lamivudine and HB vaccine on chronic hepatitis B","volume":"37","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5134","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00276-09","article-title":"Randomized controlled study investigating viral suppression and serological response following pre-S1\/pre-S2\/S vaccine therapy combined with lamivudine treatment in HBeAg-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B","volume":"53","author":"Hoa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0088","volume-title":"A Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled, Parallel, Multicenter, Phase 2b Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of CVI-HBV-002 in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Taking Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate\/Tenofovir Disoproxil","author":"CHA Vaccine Institute Co., Ltd"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2018.04.003","article-title":"Overcoming immune tolerance in chronic hepatitis B by therapeutic vaccination","volume":"30","author":"Dembek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24091","article-title":"The effect of therapeutic vaccination for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"87","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-018-9890-x","article-title":"Multiple doses of hepatitis B recombinant vaccine for chronic hepatitis B patients with low surface antigen levels: a pilot study","volume":"12","author":"Lai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201236","article-title":"Treatment of chronic hepatitis B naive patients with a therapeutic vaccine containing HBs and HBc antigens (a randomized, open and treatment controlled phase III clinical trial)","volume":"13","author":"Al Mahtab","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117662","article-title":"Development of a lipopeptide-based therapeutic vaccine to treat chronic HBV infection. I. Induction of a primary cytotoxic T lymphocyte response in humans","volume":"95","author":"Vitiello","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300208","article-title":"A pilot study of the CY-1899 T-cell vaccine in subjects chronically infected with hepatitis B virus. The CY1899 T Cell Vaccine Study Group","volume":"30","author":"Heathcote","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20408","article-title":"Induction or expansion of T-cell responses by a hepatitis B DNA vaccine administered to chronic HBV carriers","volume":"40","author":"Mancini-Bourgine","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.08.013","article-title":"Immunogenicity of a hepatitis B DNA vaccine administered to chronic HBV carriers","volume":"24","author":"Mancini-Bourgine","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014626","article-title":"Partially randomized, non-blinded trial of DNA and MVA therapeutic vaccines based on hepatitis B virus surface protein for chronic HBV infection","volume":"6","author":"Cavenaugh","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2012.01589.x","article-title":"A pilot randomized controlled trial of dual-plasmid HBV DNA vaccine mediated by in vivo electroporation in chronic hepatitis B patients under lamivudine chemotherapy","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-305707","article-title":"Anti-HBV DNA vaccination does not prevent relapse after discontinuation of analogues in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: a randomised trial \u2013 ANRS HB02 VAC-ADN","volume":"64","author":"Fontaine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i2.306","article-title":"Phase IIb trial of in vivo electroporation mediated dual-plasmid hepatitis B virus DNA vaccine in chronic hepatitis B patients under lamivudine therapy","volume":"23","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12530","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of therapeutic DNA vaccine with antiviral drug in chronic HBV patients and its immunogenicity in mice","volume":"35","author":"Yoon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302751","article-title":"Correlation of antiviral T-cell responses with suppression of viral rebound in chronic hepatitis B carriers: a proof-of-concept study","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.027","article-title":"Safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of GS-4774, a hepatitis B virus-specific therapeutic vaccine, in healthy subjects: a randomized study","volume":"32","author":"Gaggar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.05.016","article-title":"Randomized phase II study of GS-4774 as a therapeutic vaccine in virally suppressed patients with chronic hepatitis B","volume":"65","author":"Lok","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.03.044","article-title":"Combined GS-4774 and tenofovir therapy can improve HBV-specific T-cell responses in patients with chronic hepatitis","volume":"157","author":"Boni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2019.1651141","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of the therapeutic vaccine TG1050 in chronic hepatitis B patients: a phase 1b placebo-controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Zoulim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021225","article-title":"A phase IIA randomized clinical trial of a multiclade HIV-1 DNA prime followed by a multiclade rAd5 HIV-1 vaccine boost in healthy adults (HVTN204)","volume":"6","author":"Churchyard","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI60202","article-title":"Human adenovirus-specific T cells modulate HIV-specific T cell responses to an Ad5-vectored HIV-1 vaccine","volume":"122","author":"Frahm","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.10.040","article-title":"Vaccination with recombinant HBsAg-HBIG complex in healthy adults","volume":"23","author":"Xu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2006.09.010","article-title":"Phase I clinical trial in healthy adults of a nasal vaccine candidate containing recombinant hepatitis B surface and core antigens","volume":"11","author":"Betancourt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2826","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(99)00094-8","article-title":"Phase 1 safety and immune response studies of a DNA vaccine encoding hepatitis B surface antigen delivered by a gene delivery device","volume":"17","author":"Tacket","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(00)00302-9","article-title":"Induction of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, T helper cells, and protective levels of antibody in humans by particle-mediated administration of a hepatitis B virus DNA vaccine","volume":"19","author":"Roy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.08.009","article-title":"The role of quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen revisited","volume":"66","author":"Cornberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3390\/v9040075","article-title":"HBV DNA Integration: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications","volume":"9","author":"Tu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.12.060","article-title":"Protein-prime\/modified vaccinia virus Ankara vector-boost vaccination overcomes tolerance in high-antigenemic HBV-transgenic mice","volume":"34","author":"Backes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8020279","article-title":"Modified alphavirus-vesiculovirus hybrid vaccine vectors for homologous prime-boost immunotherapy of chronic hepatitis B","volume":"8","author":"Chiale","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.01.032","article-title":"Knockdown of virus antigen expression increases therapeutic vaccine efficacy in high-titer hepatitis B virus carrier mice","volume":"158","author":"Michler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29640","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance after cessation of nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy in hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B","volume":"68","author":"Jeng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156667","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of nucleic acid polymers in monotherapy and combined with immunotherapy in treatment-naive Bangladeshi patients with HBeAg+ chronic hepatitis B infection","volume":"11","author":"Al-Mahtab","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(17)30288-1","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of REP 2139 and pegylated interferon alfa-2a for treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus co-infection (REP 301 and REP 301-LTF): a non-randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial","volume":"2","author":"Bazinet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aan0241","article-title":"RNAi-based treatment of chronically infected patients and chimpanzees reveals that integrated hepatitis B virus DNA is a source of HBsAg","volume":"9","author":"Wooddell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003856","article-title":"Enhancing virus-specific immunity in vivo by combining therapeutic vaccination and PD-L1 blockade in chronic hepadnaviral infection","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS Pathog"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.06.028","article-title":"Anti-PD-1 blockade with nivolumab with and without therapeutic vaccination for virally suppressed chronic hepatitis B: a pilot study","volume":"71","author":"Gane","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0124","volume-title":"A Phase 1b\/2a, open-label study to evaluate the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of VTP-300 with or without nivolumab in participants with chronic hepatitis B infection","author":"Vaccitech Limited","year":"2021"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.9952.1","article-title":"Hepitopes: a live interactive database of HLA class I epitopes in hepatitis B virus","volume":"15","author":"Lumley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0618-8278(19)30090-8","article-title":"Abstract PS-078. A phase 1b evaluation of HepTcell HBV-specific immunotherapy in nuc-controlled, eAg negative chronic HBV infection","volume":"70","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0127","volume-title":"NCT02496897 Phase I safety and immunogenicity of FP-02.2 in chronic hepatitis B","author":"Altimmune","year":"2019"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0128","volume-title":"HepT cell immunotherapy in patients with inactive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) NCT04684914","author":"Altimmune, Inc","year":"2020"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0129","volume-title":"A study to evaluate safety, tolerability, and antiviral activity of BRII-179 (VBI-2601) among subjects with chronic hepatitis B","author":"Brii Biosciences","year":"2019"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0130","volume-title":"A first-in-human study to evaluate safety, tolerability, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of JNJ-64300535, a DNA vaccine, administered by electroporation-mediated intramuscular injection, in participants with chronic hepatitis B who are on stable nucleos(t)ide therapy and virologically suppressed","author":"Janssen Sciences Ireland UC","year":"2018"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9297","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00506-12","article-title":"DNA prime-adenovirus boost immunization induces a vigorous and multifunctional T-cell response against hepadnaviral proteins in the mouse and woodchuck model","volume":"86","author":"Kosinska","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003391","article-title":"Combination of DNA prime \u2013 adenovirus boost immunization with entecavir elicits sustained control of chronic hepatitis B in the woodchuck model","volume":"9","author":"Kosinska","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS Pathog"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2017.1394842","article-title":"Chimpanzee adenoviral vectors as vaccines \u2013 challenges to move the technology into the fast lane","volume":"16","author":"Vitelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-020-00240-0","article-title":"Optimising T cell (re)boosting strategies for adenoviral and modified vaccinia Ankara vaccine regimens in humans","volume":"5","author":"Capone","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8020184","article-title":"The design and development of a multi-HBV antigen encoded in chimpanzee adenoviral and modified vaccinia Ankara viral vectors; a novel therapeutic vaccine strategy against HBV","volume":"8","author":"Chinnakannan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0136","volume-title":"NCT04297917 A Phase 1 monotherapy study to evaluate the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of vaccination with candidate chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored HepB virus vaccine ChAdOx1 HBV in healthy participants and participants with chronic HepB infection","author":"Vaccitech Limited","year":"2020"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0137","volume-title":"Safety, efficacy, immunogenicity study of GSK Biologicals\u2019 HBV viral vector and adjuvanted proteins vaccine (GSK3528869A) in adult patients with chronic hepatitis B infection","author":"GlaxoSmithKline","year":"2019"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9010061","article-title":"Immune responses induced by mRNA vaccination in mice, monkeys and humans","volume":"9","author":"Cagigi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aap9128","article-title":"Prime and target immunization protects against liver-stage malaria in mice","volume":"10","author":"Gola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2021121100021961400_cei13614-bib-0140","article-title":"SAT464. Optimising delivery of therapeutic hepatitis B vaccines to induce resident memory T cells in the liver","volume":"73","author":"Narayan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cei.13614","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cei.13614","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/article-pdf\/205\/2\/106\/41586812\/cei13614.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/article-pdf\/205\/2\/106\/41586812\/cei13614.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T09:43:41Z","timestamp":1699004621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/article\/205\/2\/106\/6431044"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]},"references-count":140,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cei.13614","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-9104","1365-2249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-9104","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2249","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]}}}