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However, accumulating evidence indicates that, in models of asthma and atopic dermatitis, allergic inflammation can be generated in the absence of aluminum hydroxide. Moreover, co-administration of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B with ovalbumin can enhance inflammation. The objective of this study was to establish a rapid and mast cell-dependent murine model of allergic inflammation by inducing allergic peritonitis using ovalbumin and S. aureus enterotoxin B. Allergic peritonitis was induced in C57BL\/6 mice by subcutaneous sensitization and intraperitoneal challenge with ovalbumin and S. aureus enterotoxin B. Disease characteristics were assessed by flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), trypan blue exclusion and colorimetric assays. The time\u2013course of the allergic peritonitis revealed a peak of peritoneal inflammation 48\u00a0h after challenge, as assessed by total cells and eosinophil counts. The decrease of cell numbers started 96\u00a0h post-challenge,\u00a0with complete clearance within 168\u00a0h. Moreover, significantly higher levels of tryptase and increased vascular permeability were found 30\u00a0min following challenge. Allergic inflammation induction by ovalbumin and S. aureus enterotoxin B was impaired in mast cell-deficient mice and partially restored by mice reconstitution with bone marrow-derived mast cells, indicating the mast cell role in this model. We present a novel model of allergic peritonitis that is mast cell-dependent, simple and robust. Moreover, the use of S. aureus enterotoxin B better resembles human allergic inflammation, which is known to be characterized by the colonization of S. aureus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T14:49:24Z","timestamp":1621262964000},"page":"306-315","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A novel mast cell-dependent allergic peritonitis model"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"205","author":[{"given":"Hadas","family":"Pahima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pier Giorgio","family":"Puzzovio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, 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