{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T02:08:27Z","timestamp":1782785307107,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":142,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorders (MOGAD) are rare in both children and adults, and have been recently suggested to be an autoimmune neuroinflammatory group of disorders that are different from aquaporin-4 autoantibody-associated neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and from classic multiple sclerosis. In-vivo imaging of the MOGAD patient central nervous system has shown some distinguishing features when evaluating magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves, as well as retinal imaging using optical coherence tomography. In this review, we discuss key clinical and neuroimaging characteristics of paediatric and adult MOGAD. We describe how these imaging techniques may be used to study this group of disorders and discuss how image analysis methods have led to recent insights for consideration in future studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T09:23:26Z","timestamp":1624267406000},"page":"266-281","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Clinical and neuroimaging findings in MOGAD\u2013MRI and OCT"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"206","author":[{"given":"Frederik","family":"Bartels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Berlin Institute of Health at Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin and, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin and Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charit\u00e9 \u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederike Cosima","family":"Oertel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin and Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charit\u00e9 \u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Finke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Berlin Institute of Health at Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin and, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Friedemann","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate 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\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022030414003420000_cei13641-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e62","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000062","article-title":"Does MOG Ig-positive AQP4-seronegative opticospinal inflammatory disease justify a diagnosis of NMO spectrum disorder?","volume":"2","author":"Zamvil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurol 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