{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:40:36Z","timestamp":1790887236666,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,8]],"date-time":"2021-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The roles of cytokines and chemokines in HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis (HCM) and HIV-associated tuberculous meningitis (HTBM) are debatable. In sum, 34 HIV-infected patients without meningitis, 44 HCM patients and 27 HTBM patients were enrolled for study. The concentrations of 22 cytokines\/chemokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were assayed at admission. Principal component analysis (PCA), Pearson's and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the role of cytokines\/chemokines in HCM and HTBM. We found the levels of T helper (Th)17, Th1 [interleukin (IL)-12p40, interferon (IFN)-\u03b3, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 and TNF-\u03b2 and Th2 (IL-2\/4\/5\/6\/10)] cytokines were elevated in patients with meningitis compared with those in HIV-infected patients without central nervous system (CNS) infection. Furthermore, the IL-1Ra, IL-12p40, IL-17\u03b1 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) levels were higher in HCM patients, while the IFN-\u03b3, regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP)-10 levels were higher in HTBM patients. Elevated CSF concentrations of IL-17a, TNF-\u03b2, IL-5, IL-12p40 and IL-1R\u03b1 were closely related to meningitis, but elevated IP-10, MCP-1, RANTES and IFN-\u03b3 levels and CSF white blood cells (WBCs) were protective factors against HCM. Our study suggested that HIV-infected patients with low CSF WBCs have a high risk of HCM. Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokines\/chemokines mediate differences in the pathogenesis of HCM and TBM. Overexpressed proinflammatory MCP-1, RANTES, IFN-\u03b3 and IP-10 in CSF are protective factors against HCM but not HTBM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T09:01:55Z","timestamp":1626858115000},"page":"82-90","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Differences in cytokine and chemokine profiles in cerebrospinal fluid caused by the etiology of cryptococcal meningitis and tuberculous meningitis in HIV patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"206","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7352-2086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lijun","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"},{"name":"The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanghao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuming","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiration, College of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongxing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department II of Infectious Diseases, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"},{"name":"The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dairong","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang 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