{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:32:45Z","timestamp":1791415965847,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,9]],"date-time":"2012-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1352419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCOS<\/jats:styled-content>) is a common endocrine condition associated with long\u2010term health risks, including type 2 diabetes and vascular dysfunction in addition to reproductive sequelae. Many of the common features of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCOS<\/jats:styled-content>, such as central obesity, hyperinsulinaemia and obstructive sleep apnoea (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content>), are associated with chronic sympathetic overactivity, suggesting that sympathoexcitation may be involved in the pathogenesis of this condition. Rodent models of polycystic ovaries have shown that ovarian sympathetic outflow may be increased, accompanied by elevated intra\u2010ovarian synthesis of nerve growth factor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGF<\/jats:styled-content>) which may be involved in initiation of ovarian pathology. Patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCOS<\/jats:styled-content> have evidence of increased muscle sympathetic nerve activity (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSNA<\/jats:styled-content>), altered heart rate variability and attenuated heart rate recovery postexercise, compared with age\u2010 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010matched controls, suggesting a generalized increase in sympathetic nerve activity. Active weight loss can reduce <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSNA<\/jats:styled-content> and whole body noradrenaline spillover, whereas low\u2010frequency electroacupuncture decreased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSNA<\/jats:styled-content> in overweight women with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCOS<\/jats:styled-content>. Treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> with continuous positive airways pressure may reduce plasma noradrenaline levels and diastolic blood pressure and improve cardiac sympathovagal balance. Renal sympathetic denervation also reduced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSNA<\/jats:styled-content>, noradrenaline spillover and blood pressure in two <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCOS<\/jats:styled-content> subjects with hypertension, accompanied by improved insulin sensitivity. The sympathetic nervous system may thus offer a new therapeutic target in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCOS<\/jats:styled-content> but larger and longer\u2010term studies are needed before these treatments can be considered in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,7]],"date-time":"2012-08-07T15:02:49Z","timestamp":1344351769000},"page":"791-801","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":128,"title":["The sympathetic nervous system in polycystic ovary syndrome: a novel therapeutic target?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Lansdown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences Institute of Experimental and Molecular Medicine School of Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. 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