{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T05:35:02Z","timestamp":1782970502712,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,6]],"date-time":"2013-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1365206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Various techniques have been attempted to increase the yield of magnetic resonance imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>) for localization of pituitary microadenomas in corticotropin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACTH<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010dependent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>ushing's syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the performance of dynamic contrast spin echo (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content>) and volume interpolated 3<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010spoiled gradient echo (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGE<\/jats:styled-content>) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MR<\/jats:styled-content> sequences in the diagnostic evaluation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACTH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010dependent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data was analysed retrospectively from a series of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACTH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010dependent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content> patients treated over 2\u2010year period at a tertiary care referral centre (2009\u20132011).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010six patients (24 female and 12 male) were diagnosed to have <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACTH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010dependent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content> during the study period. All patients underwent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> by both sequences during a single examination. Cases with negative and equivocal pituitary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MR<\/jats:styled-content> imaging underwent corticotropin\u2010releasing hormone (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRH<\/jats:styled-content>) stimulated bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BIPSS<\/jats:styled-content>) to confirm pituitary origin of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACTH<\/jats:styled-content> excess state. Thirty patients were finally diagnosed to have Cushing's disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>) [based on histopathology proof of adenoma and\/or remission (partial\/complete) of hypercortisolism postsurgery]. Six patients were diagnosed to have histopathologically proven ectopic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 30 patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>, 24 patients had microadenomas and 6 patients had macroadenomas. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE MRI<\/jats:styled-content> sequence was able to identify microadenomas in 16 of 24 patients, whereas postcontrast <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGE<\/jats:styled-content> sequence was able to identify microadenomas in 21 of 24 patients. All six patients of ectopic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content> had negative pituitary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MR<\/jats:styled-content> imaging by both techniques (specificity: 100%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGE MR<\/jats:styled-content> sequence was better for localization of pituitary microadenomas particularly when <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE MR<\/jats:styled-content> sequence is negative or equivocal and should be used in addition to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE MR<\/jats:styled-content> sequence for the evaluation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACTH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010dependent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,13]],"date-time":"2012-10-13T13:26:50Z","timestamp":1350134810000},"page":"825-830","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Volume interpolated 3<scp>D<\/scp>\u2010spoiled gradient echo sequence is better than dynamic contrast spin echo sequence for <scp>MRI<\/scp> detection of corticotropin secreting pituitary microadenomas"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Rajeev","family":"Kasaliwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Seth G S Medical College Mumbai Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilpa S.","family":"Sankhe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Seth G S Medical College Mumbai Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anurag R.","family":"Lila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Seth G S Medical College Mumbai Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sweta R.","family":"Budyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Seth G S Medical College Mumbai Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varsha S.","family":"Jagtap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Seth G S Medical College Mumbai Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijaya","family":"Sarathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Seth G S Medical College Mumbai Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harshal","family":"Kakade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Seth G S Medical College Mumbai Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tushar","family":"Bandgar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Seth G S Medical College Mumbai Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Padmavathy S.","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Seth G S Medical College Mumbai Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nalini S.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Seth G S Medical College Mumbai Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030871"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"673","article-title":"A change in pituitary magnetic resonance imaging protocol detects ACTH secreting tumours in patient with previously negative results","volume":"75","author":"Chaudhry I.N.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Endocrinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01401467"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.62.5.527"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.185.1.1523298"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021753"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging in Cushing disease. 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