{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:16:18Z","timestamp":1791314178917,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,6]],"date-time":"2013-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary empty sella (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PES<\/jats:styled-content>) is a frequent anatomical condition rarely causing pituitary dysfunction. We assessed cardiovascular risk in a cohort of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PES<\/jats:styled-content> patients referred to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>ndocrine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">U<\/jats:styled-content>nits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was performed in three <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>talian tertiary referral centres. We evaluated pituitary function and cardiovascular risk, on the basis of lipid and glucose metabolism parameters and of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>ramingham score (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FS<\/jats:styled-content>), in 94 consecutive patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PES<\/jats:styled-content> diagnosis and in 94 gender, age and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> matched controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pituitary function was normal in 30 patients (<jats:italic>group A<\/jats:italic>), whereas a single or multiple pituitary hormone deficiency was demonstrated in 64 (<jats:italic>group B<\/jats:italic>). Growth hormone deficiency (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GHD<\/jats:styled-content>) was diagnosed in 56, central hypothyroidism in 35, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in 32 and central hypoadrenalism in 24 cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>ramingham score was higher and glucose and lipid profile were worse in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PES<\/jats:styled-content> patients than in controls. Cardiovascular risk parameters were not different between <jats:italic>group A<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. In <jats:italic>group B<\/jats:italic>, increased cardiovascular risk was associated with hypothyroidism and hypogonadism, but not with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GHD<\/jats:styled-content>. In g<jats:italic>roup A,<\/jats:italic> cardiovascular risk was higher and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FT<\/jats:styled-content>3 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FT<\/jats:styled-content>4 levels were lower than in controls. Moreover, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PES<\/jats:styled-content> patients stratified for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> showed a worse glucose and lipid profile and (in the overweight subgroup) higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FS<\/jats:styled-content> than matched controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary empty sella patients show increased cardiovascular risk, regardless of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>. A worse lipid and glucose profile and higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FS<\/jats:styled-content> were associated with secondary hypothyroidism, even subclinical, as well as hypogonadism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,11]],"date-time":"2012-12-11T17:25:56Z","timestamp":1355246756000},"page":"211-216","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Role of pituitary dysfunction on cardiovascular risk in primary empty sella patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Annamaria","family":"Colao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Molecular Oncology University \u201cFederico II\u201d of Naples Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oana R.","family":"Cotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Endocrinology Department of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Messina Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Ferone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology DiSEM University of Genoa Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria L.","family":"Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Endocrinology Department of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Messina Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Ferra\u00f9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Endocrinology Department of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Messina Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Di Somma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Molecular Oncology University \u201cFederico II\u201d of Naples Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mara","family":"Boschetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology DiSEM University of Genoa Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Teti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology DiSEM University of Genoa Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria C.","family":"Savanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Molecular Oncology University \u201cFederico II\u201d of Naples Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Alibrandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economical, Financial, Social, Environmental, Statistical and Territorial Sciences (S.E.FI.S.A.S.T.) 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