{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T21:11:18Z","timestamp":1791148278924,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,20]],"date-time":"2013-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1369008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Butyrylcholinesterase is synthesized in the liver. The serum butyrylcholinesterase level has been cross\u2010sectionally reported to be higher in patients with diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, obesity and fatty liver than in those without them. It is not known whether serum butyrylcholinesterase is associated with the risk of future type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 8470 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>apanese men aged 40\u201355\u00a0years without type 2 diabetes at baseline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Type 2 diabetes was diagnosed if a fasting plasma glucose (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FPG<\/jats:styled-content>) level was \u22657\u00b70\u00a0mmol\/l, if a HbA<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>c level was \u22656\u00b75% or if participants were taking oral hypoglycaemic medication or insulin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the 42\u00a0227 person\u2010years of follow\u2010up, 868 cases had developed type 2 diabetes. Serum butyrylcholinesterase was significantly positively correlated with body mass index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FPG<\/jats:styled-content>, alanine aminotransferase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALT<\/jats:styled-content>), \u03b3\u2010glutamyltransferase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GGT<\/jats:styled-content>) and triglycerides (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TG<\/jats:styled-content>), whereas negatively with high\u2010density lipoprotein (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDL<\/jats:styled-content>) cholesterol. In <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>ox proportional hazards models, after adjusting for age, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> FPG<\/jats:styled-content>, alcohol consumption, smoking habit, walk to work, regular leisure\u2010time physical activity and family history of diabetes, the highest quartile (398\u2013806\u00a0IU\/l) of serum butyrylcholinesterase increased the risk of type 2 diabetes compared with the lowest quartile (56\u2013311\u00a0IU\/l) [hazard ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>) 1\u00b741 (95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>), 1\u00b714\u20131\u00b774)]. After further adjusting for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALT<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GGT<\/jats:styled-content>, this association remained [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content> 1\u00b740 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 1\u00b713\u20131\u00b773)]. Furthermore, this association was significant independent of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TG<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDL<\/jats:styled-content> cholesterol.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Elevated serum butyrylcholinesterase was independently associated with an increased risk of future type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,19]],"date-time":"2013-02-19T04:24:10Z","timestamp":1361247850000},"page":"362-367","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Serum butyrylcholinesterase and the risk of future type 2 diabetes: the Kansai Healthcare Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Kyoko Kogawa","family":"Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoshige","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isseki","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuko","family":"Harita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinichiro","family":"Uehara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Onishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Oue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansai Health Administration Center Nippon Telegraph and Telephone West Corporation Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansai Health Administration Center Nippon Telegraph and Telephone West Corporation Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ginji","family":"Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kambe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Kansai Health Administration Center Nippon Telegraph and Telephone West Corporation Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanji","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Kansai Health Administration Center Nippon Telegraph and Telephone West Corporation Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation: IDF Diabetes Atlas Update 2012.2012. Available at :http:\/\/www.idf.org\/diabetesatlas\/5e\/Update2012[accessed 13 December 2012]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9120(80)80001-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(78)90100-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(68)90351-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0850077"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-198610000-00025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365510260296564"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2005.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.065052"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0090"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-2184"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2040-1124.2012.00207.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"161","article-title":"Evaluation of the UV\u2010340 spectrophotometric determination for pseudocholinesterase activity (EC 3.1.1.8) in human serum","volume":"25","author":"Huizenga J.R.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/28.10.2077"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/45.11.1974","article-title":"Dynamic reaction in a homogeneous HDL\u2010cholesterol assay visualized by electron microscopy","volume":"5","author":"Kondo A.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-S062"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Trends in the epidemiology of patients with diabetes in Japan","volume":"53","author":"Morimoto A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Japan Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"75","volume-title":"Applied Logistic Regression Analysis Second Edition (Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences)","author":"Menard S.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1870"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.10.1068"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.46.0049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-1378"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","first-page":"RA214","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase as possible markers of low\u2010grade systemic inflammation","volume":"13","author":"Das U.N.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Medical Science Monitor"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-009-0011-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05485"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250100033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-004-1459-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2040-1124.2010.00074.x"}],"container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcen.12171","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cen.12171","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T23:15:42Z","timestamp":1696374942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cen.12171"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,20]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cen.12171"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cen.12171","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-0664","1365-2265"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-0664","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2265","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,20]]}}}