{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T18:28:53Z","timestamp":1783967333669,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,8]],"date-time":"2013-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1365379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous genome\u2010wide association studies have identified multiple type 2 diabetes (T2D) genetic risk loci in many populations. However, the contribution of these loci to T2D in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>iddle <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>astern populations with high T2D prevalence is unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here, we investigated the association of 38 T2D risk loci in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>audi <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>rabian population (1166 patients with T2D and 1235 healthy controls), which has one of the world's highest prevalence of T2D.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight common genetic variants showed a significant association with T2D in our study population. The effect sizes of these loci were comparable to those previously identified in other populations with the exception of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HNF<\/jats:styled-content>4A<\/jats:italic>, which showed a trend for larger effect size in our study population (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01\u00b727) compared to that reported in South <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>sian populations (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01\u00b709; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup><jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>65\u00b79). Analysis of risk allele scores (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAS<\/jats:styled-content>s) defined by the 8 loci showed that subjects in the top <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAS<\/jats:styled-content> quintile (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0480) had 2\u00b75\u2010fold increase in disease risk compared to those in the bottom quintile (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0480; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a09\u00b75\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>\u221212<\/jats:sup>). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAS<\/jats:styled-content>s were also associated with fasting glucose level (<jats:italic>\u03b2\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00\u00b712; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02\u00b72\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>\u22129<\/jats:sup>), but not with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b719). Analysis of a subgroup of subjects with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>\u226430 resulted in two additional loci (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLC<\/jats:styled-content>30A8<\/jats:italic>;<jats:italic> P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b703, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HMG<\/jats:styled-content>20A<\/jats:italic>;<jats:italic> P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b702) showing significant association with T2D.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have shown for the first time that variants at <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WFS<\/jats:styled-content>1, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JAZF<\/jats:styled-content>1, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLC<\/jats:styled-content>30A8, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDKN<\/jats:styled-content>2A\/B, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCF<\/jats:styled-content>7L2, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KCNQ<\/jats:styled-content>1, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HMG<\/jats:styled-content>20A, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HNF<\/jats:styled-content>4A<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DUSP<\/jats:styled-content>9<\/jats:italic> are associated with T2D in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>audi population. Our findings also suggest substantial overlap of T2D risk loci across many ethnic groups regardless of disease prevalence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,2]],"date-time":"2013-03-02T01:37:33Z","timestamp":1362188253000},"page":"532-537","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Assessing the contribution of 38 genetic loci to the risk of type 2 diabetes in the <scp>S<\/scp>audi <scp>A<\/scp>rabian <scp>P<\/scp>opulation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Nasser M.","family":"Al\u2010Daghri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomarkers Research Program Biochemistry Department College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research Centre King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid M.","family":"Alkharfy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomarkers Research Program Biochemistry Department College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research Centre King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy Department College of Pharmacy King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majed S.","family":"Alokail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomarkers Research Program Biochemistry Department College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research Centre King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amal M.","family":"Alenad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Southampton Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar S.","family":"Al\u2010Attas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomarkers Research Program Biochemistry Department College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research Centre King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul Khader","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomarkers Research Program Biochemistry Department College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaun","family":"Sabico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomarkers Research Program Biochemistry Department College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar M. E.","family":"Albagha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Medicine Centre Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.1997.154"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"Al\u2010Nuaim A.R. Al Mazrou Y. Al Attas O.et\u00a0al. (1995)National chronic metabolic disease survey part 1 prevalence of diabetes mellitus obesity hyperlipidemia in Saudi Arabia. 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