{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:27:16Z","timestamp":1761895636444},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,11]],"date-time":"2013-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1365638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the effect of chronic daily exenatide treatment on \u03b2\u2010cell function in type 2 diabetes (T2DM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Glucagon\u2010like peptide receptor agonists, such as exenatide, are commonly used to treat patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>. Drugs in this class are insulinotropic but lower blood glucose by multiple mechanisms such that effects on \u03b2\u2010cell function can be difficult to discern by conventional measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy\u2010nine subjects with previously untreated T2DM were studied before and after 24\u00a0weeks of treatment with one of the two doses of exenatide, 5\u2010 or 10\u2010\u03bcg twice daily, or placebo. All subjects had oral glucose tolerance tests (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OGTT<\/jats:styled-content>) before and after randomization with measurement of plasma glucose, insulin and C\u2010peptide concentrations. Insulin secretion rates (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ISR<\/jats:styled-content>), peripheral insulin sensitivity (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OGIS<\/jats:styled-content>) and hepatic insulin resistance index (Hep\u2010IR) were calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the trial, all three groups lost similar, small but significant, amounts of weight. Compared to placebo, 24\u00a0weeks of daily high\u2010 or low\u2010dose exenatide treatment reduced HbA1c and improved fasting and postprandial hyperglycaemia. Exenatide was associated with improved OGIS and Hep\u2010IR independent of changes in weight. Plasma insulin levels and ISR during the OGTT did not differ before or after treatment with exenatide or placebo. However, when considered as a function of plasma glucose and insulin sensitivity, both doses of exenatide improved ISR proportionately to the improvement in plasma glucose. The higher dose of exenatide was associated with a significant improvement in \u03b2\u2010cell sensitivity to glucose.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings demonstrate that in persons with early T2DM, chronic treatment with exenatide enhanced ISR and increased \u03b2\u2010cell sensitivity to glucose. These improvements in \u03b2\u2010cell function were not clearly reflected in plasma insulin and C\u2010peptide levels, but became apparent when glycemia and insulin sensitivity were accounted for.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,15]],"date-time":"2013-03-15T05:04:59Z","timestamp":1363323899000},"page":"545-553","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The effect of chronic twice daily exenatide treatment on \u03b2\u2010cell function in new onset type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Amalia","family":"Gastaldelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Physiology National Research Council Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert G.","family":"Brodows","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Previously employed by Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis IN 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