{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:27:56Z","timestamp":1791404876342,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,17]],"date-time":"2014-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1392595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lack of maternal thyroid hormones during foetal brain development may lead to structural abnormalities in the brain. We hypothesized that maternal hypothyroidism during the pregnancy could programme the foetus to development of psychiatric disease later in life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Danish nationwide register study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Singletons live\u2010born 1980\u20131990.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aHR<\/jats:styled-content>) with 95% confidence interval for offspring redemption of \u22652 prescriptions of a psychiatric drug from age 15 to 31\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 542\u00a0100 adolescents and young adults included, altogether 3979 (0\u00b77%) were born to mothers with hypothyroidism registered before 1996. In crude analyses, the use of a psychiatric drug was more frequent in late adolescence and young adulthood when the mother had hypothyroidism (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b7001); however, several possible confounders had to be taken into account. For example, mothers with hypothyroidism often also had a psychiatric registration (38\u00b75% <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 27\u00b77%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b7001) and the use of psychiatric drugs changed over time. After adjustment for confounders including birth year, maternal age and maternal psychiatric history, maternal hypothyroidism was associated with an increased risk of having redeemed prescriptions of anxiolytics [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aHR<\/jats:styled-content> 1\u00b723 (1\u00b703\u20131\u00b748)] and antipsychotics [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aHR<\/jats:styled-content> 1\u00b722 (1\u00b703\u20131\u00b744)] in late adolescence and young adulthood. For antidepressants, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aHR<\/jats:styled-content> was 1\u00b707 (0\u00b798\u20131\u00b717).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The association between maternal hypothyroidism and the use of a psychiatric drug in late adolescence and young adulthood was partly confounded by maternal psychiatric history, but foetal programming by maternal hypothyroidism may be part of the mechanisms leading to the use of anxiolytics and antipsychotics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,28]],"date-time":"2014-01-28T02:26:58Z","timestamp":1390876018000},"page":"126-133","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Psychiatric disease in late adolescence and young adulthood. 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