{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:15:58Z","timestamp":1791332158366,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,2]],"date-time":"2014-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Research Foundation for Mothers and Babies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>Thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOA<\/jats:styled-content>b) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TGA<\/jats:styled-content>b) are frequently measured to investigate thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy. Despite the recognized fall of these autoantibodies in pregnancy, there is limited guidance on the timing of such testing. We assessed optimal test timing of TPOA<\/jats:styled-content>b\/TGA<\/jats:styled-content>b for the detection of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and post\u2010partum thyroid dysfunction (PPTD<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design<\/jats:title>Prospective longitudinal study with recruitment in Trimester 1.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Patients<\/jats:title>Healthy women \u226413\u00a0weeks' gestation from Mercy Hospital for Women, a tertiary obstetric hospital in Melbourne.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Measurements<\/jats:title>Serum TPOAb, TGAb, TSH and fT<\/jats:styled-content>4 were measured at Trimester 1 (T1), Trimester 2(T2), Trimester 3(T3) and postpartum (PP) in each participant. Post\u2010partum thyroid dysfunction (PPTD) was defined if TSH deviated from the assay's nonpregnant reference interval. Longitudinal random\u2010effect logistic regression was used to investigate the association between time and positive\/negative thyroid autoantibody status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Samples from 140 women at T1 (12\u00b70: 10\u00b73\u201313\u00b70) (median: IQR<\/jats:styled-content> weeks' gestation); 95 at T2 (24\u00b73: 23\u00b70\u201325\u00b79), 79 at T3 (35\u00b79: 34\u00b78\u201336\u00b77) and 83 at PP<\/jats:styled-content> (12\u00b74: 10\u00b78\u201314\u00b76\u00a0weeks post\u2010partum) were attained. At T1, 13 (9%) and 15 (11%) women had positive TPOA<\/jats:styled-content>b and TGA<\/jats:styled-content>b, respectively. The odds of having a positive TPOA<\/jats:styled-content>b were 96% lower at T2 [OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b704 (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0\u00b702\u20130\u00b78; P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0\u00b703)] and 97% lower at T3 [OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b703 (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0\u00b7001\u20130\u00b76; P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0\u00b702)] than at T1. Similarly, the odds of having a positive TGA<\/jats:styled-content>b were 99\u00b74% lower [OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b7006 (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0\u20130\u00b73; P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0\u00b701)] at T2, and 99\u00b75% lower [OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b7005 (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0\u20130\u00b74; P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0\u00b702)] at T3 than at T1. The ROC<\/jats:styled-content> analysis diagnostic OR<\/jats:styled-content>s for a positive TPOA<\/jats:styled-content>b and\/or TGA<\/jats:styled-content>b to predict PPTD<\/jats:styled-content> were 7\u00b78 (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 2\u00b72\u201327\u00b76), 1\u00b72 (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0\u20138\u00b79), 2\u00b70 (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0\u201316\u00b78), and 12\u00b72 (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 3\u00b73\u201344\u00b79) at T1, T2, T3 and post\u2010partum, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>A significant proportion of pregnant women lose their thyroid autoantibody positivity after T1. The gestation\u2010dependent loss of TPOA<\/jats:styled-content>b\/TGA<\/jats:styled-content>b positivity and reduction in diagnostic accuracy for predicting PPTD<\/jats:styled-content> limits the value of testing at T2 and T3.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,30]],"date-time":"2014-07-30T15:54:02Z","timestamp":1406735642000},"page":"604-610","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["A longitudinal study of thyroid autoantibodies in pregnancy: the importance of test timing"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"E.I.","family":"Ekinci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Austin Health Melbourne Vic. Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Melbourne Melbourne Vic. Australia"},{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research Darwin NT Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.\u2010L.","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Austin Health Melbourne Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z.X.","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Pathology Melbourne Pathology Melbourne Vic. Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Sikaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Pathology Melbourne Pathology Melbourne Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Churilov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Melbourne Vic. Australia"},{"name":"School of Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences RMIT University Melbourne Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Bittar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Austin Health Melbourne Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Q.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Austin Health Melbourne Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Crinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Austin Health Melbourne Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.A.","family":"Houlihan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Austin Health Melbourne Vic. Australia"},{"name":"Mercy Hospital for Women Melbourne Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2004.tb05866.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.2.8182"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450110068029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.79.1.197"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldq039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2004.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1603"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0340"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/105072502753451986"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199908193410801"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jms.8.1.18"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2005.15.474"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1390036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-21-7-792"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2011.0087"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2803"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563213486450"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eci.11.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/182472"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.74.3.645"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.2056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.22.5.0441"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1999.00807.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1529-1049(00)00008-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"30","article-title":"Changes of serum anti\u2010thyroid antibodies during and after pregnancy in autoimmune thyroid diseases","volume":"31","author":"Amino N.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"}],"container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcen.12571","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cen.12571","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T08:56:27Z","timestamp":1695545787000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cen.12571"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,2]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cen.12571"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cen.12571","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-0664","1365-2265"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-0664","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2265","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,2]]}}}