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Obesity is considered a major risk factor for the development of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content>, and it is also an established risk factor for insulin resistance and other cardiometabolic disorders. The enigma remains whether <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> has any causal role in the adverse metabolic profile, independent of or beyond that due to obesity. Sleep apnoeas and hypopnoeas result directly in intermittent hypoxaemia and cerebral arousals, both of which may evoke a cascade of downstream biologic responses in various body tissues and cells. Adipose tissue is a major source of adipocytokines many of which play important roles in the regulation of various metabolic functions. It is hypothesized that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSA<\/jats:styled-content> may, through its unique pathophysiology, affect metabolic function through modulation of production or action of adipocytokines. 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