{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T08:00:32Z","timestamp":1779177632944,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]],"date-time":"2014-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Grant for 12th five-year plan major project","award":["AWS11J03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AWS11J03"]}]},{"name":"Grant for 12th five-year plan major project","award":["WS12J001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WS12J001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81270884"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81270884"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Septic patients always develop muscle wasting, which delays the rehabilitation and contributes to the increased complications and mortality. Previous studies have implied the crucial role of central inflammation and neuropeptides in the energy balance and muscle metabolism. Insulin has been confirmed to attenuate muscle degradation and inhibit inflammation. We tested the hypothesis whether insulin ameliorating muscle wasting was associated with modulating hypothalamic inflammation and neuropeptides.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010two adult male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were in intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (5\u00a0mg\/kg) or saline, followed by subcutaneous injection of insulin (5\u00a0IU\/kg) or saline. Twenty\u2010four hours after injection, skeletal muscle and hypothalamus tissues were harvested. Muscle wasting was measured by the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression of two E3 ubiquitin ligases, muscle ring finger 1 (MuRF\u20101) and muscle atrophy F\u2010box (MAFbx), as well as 3\u2010methylhistidine (3\u2010MH) and tyrosine release. Hypothalamic inflammatory markers and neuropeptides expression were also measured in four groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content> injection led to significant increase in hypothalamic inflammation as well as muscle wasting. Also, increased hypothalamic neuropeptides, proopiomelanocortin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POMC<\/jats:styled-content>), cocaine and amphetamine\u2010related transcript (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CART<\/jats:styled-content>) and neuropeptides Y (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPY<\/jats:styled-content>) and decreased agouti\u2010related protein (Ag<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RP<\/jats:styled-content>) were observed. Insulin treatment ameliorated endotoxaemia\u2010induced muscle wasting and hypothalamic inflammation, and attenuated the alteration of neuropeptides, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POMC<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> CART<\/jats:styled-content> and AgRP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypothalamic inflammation and neuropeptides are involved in the endotoxaemia\u2010induced muscle wasting. Insulin treatment can reduce muscle wasting, which is associated with reduced hypothalamic inflammation and alteration of hypothalamic neuropeptides.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,9]],"date-time":"2014-09-09T15:41:52Z","timestamp":1410277312000},"page":"695-703","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Insulin ameliorating endotoxaemia\u2010induced muscle wasting is associated with the alteration of hypothalamic neuropeptides and inflammation in rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Kaipeng","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Jinling hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenkui","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Jinling hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing 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