{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T04:56:08Z","timestamp":1790052968444,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,21]],"date-time":"2015-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1429574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thyroid ultrasound (US) is a widely used tool for evaluating thyroid nodules. Various US features have been suggested as predictors of thyroid cancer in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To conduct a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis to assess the diagnostic accuracy of different thyroid US features in detecting thyroid cancer in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We searched multiple online databases for cohort studies that enrolled paediatric patients with thyroid nodules (age &lt;21\u00a0years) and evaluated the accuracy of 12 relevant ultrasound features. Diagnostic measures were pooled across studies using a random effects model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The search strategy yielded 1199 citations, of which 12 studies met the predefined inclusion criteria (750 nodules). The prevalence of thyroid cancer was 27\u00b72% (40\u00b78% in patients with a history of radiation exposure and 23\u00b72% in patients without a history of exposure to radiation). The most common cancer was papillary thyroid cancer (86\u00b77%). The presence of internal calcifications and enlarged cervical lymph nodes were the US features with the highest likelihood ratio [4\u00b746 (95% CI: 1\u00b787\u201310\u00b764) and 4\u00b796 (95% CI: 2\u00b701\u201312\u00b724), respectively] for thyroid cancer. A cystic nodule was the feature with highest likelihood ratio for benign nodules [1\u00b796 (95% CI: 0\u00b787\u20134\u00b743)].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thyroid US features are not highly accurate predictors of benign or malignant aetiology of thyroid nodules in children. Internal calcification may predict malignancy, and cystic appearance may suggest benign aetiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,2]],"date-time":"2015-04-02T22:27:18Z","timestamp":1428013638000},"page":"423-430","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Accuracy of thyroid nodule sonography for the detection of thyroid cancer in children: systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Alaa","family":"Al Nofal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Endocrinology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"},{"name":"Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"},{"name":"Evidence\u2010Based Practice Research Program Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Gionfriddo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"},{"name":"Mayo Graduate School Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asma","family":"Javed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Endocrinology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qusay","family":"Haydour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Program Georgia Regents University Augusta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan P.","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry J.","family":"Prokop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siobhan T.","family":"Pittock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Endocrinology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hassan","family":"Murad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"},{"name":"Evidence\u2010Based Practice Research Program Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"},{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1975.03260100039017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.51.1.85"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.58.4.521"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(97)70235-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27302007000500012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000023426"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.95.1.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"217","article-title":"Prevalence of thyroid cancer in 1894 patients with surgically treated thyroid nodules","volume":"10","author":"Lin J.D.","year":"1997","journal-title":"The Cancer Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/erc.1.00882"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1796"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1998.00584.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03346587","article-title":"American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, Associazione Medici Endocrinologi, and European Thyroid Association medical guidelines for clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules: executive summary of recommendations","volume":"33","author":"Gharib H.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2009.0110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4149\/neo_2011_01_51"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Version 1.0. 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