{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:34:33Z","timestamp":1790775273826,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,13]],"date-time":"2015-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1431475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Published data on eye disorders in patients with Turner syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TS<\/jats:styled-content>) are limited. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of eye disorders in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TS<\/jats:styled-content> and assess the association with patient karyotype<jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional, observational study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty\u2010two patients with TS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated visual acuity (distance and proximity), intraocular pressure, optic system refraction, orthoposition, frontal eye segment, the eye fundus and colour vision. For eye fundus abnormalities, we conducted ultrasound examinations, visual field evaluations and fluorescein angiography. We statistically tested the association between the prevalence of eye disorders and karyotype.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>50 (61%) patients had monosomy X; 9 (11%) had mosaicism with a normal 46,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">XX<\/jats:styled-content> line; 21 (26%) had structural aberrations; and 2 patients (2%) had other chromosomal abnormalities. Eye disorders were diagnosed in 43 (52%) patients, with 29 (35%) patients having multiple eye defects. Defects related to impaired vision were the most common (44%), followed by strabismus (21%), changes in the posterior eye segment (6%), red\u2010green colour deficiency (5%), changes in the anterior eye segment (5%) and nystagmus (4%). Amblyopia was diagnosed in 13 patients (16%). The most common combinations of ophthalmological defects were hypermetropia and astigmatism with or without other eye problems (12 patients). We found no association between the presence of eye defects and karyotype.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Detection of eye abnormalities is necessary in all patients directly after being diagnosed with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TS<\/jats:styled-content> to prevent irreversible deterioration of eye function and permanent poor vision. All girls with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TS<\/jats:styled-content>, irrespective of their karyotype, should be referred to an ophthalmologist.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,13]],"date-time":"2015-04-13T13:17:35Z","timestamp":1428931055000},"page":"842-848","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The presence of eye defects in patients with Turner syndrome is irrespective of their karyotype"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Beata","family":"Wikiera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology for Children and Adolescents University of Medicine Wroclaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Mulak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University of Medicine Wroclaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Koltowska\u2010Haggstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2032s and Children\u2032s Health Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Noczynska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology for Children and Adolescents University of Medicine Wroclaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"176","article-title":"Ocular manifestations in Turner's syndrome","volume":"63","author":"Brunnerova R.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cesk\u00e1 a slovensk\u00e1 oftalmologie"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"395","article-title":"Ocular manifestations of Turner's syndrome","volume":"101","author":"Adhikary 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