{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T14:54:59Z","timestamp":1778856899837,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,23]],"date-time":"2015-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1437609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Denmark"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>Alterations in the growth hormone\u2013insulin\u2010like growth factor (IGF<\/jats:styled-content>) axis have been considered as a causal factor for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR<\/jats:styled-content>) and for the increased risk of metabolic disease in later life. We compared members of the IGF<\/jats:styled-content> axis in umbilical cord blood between IUGR<\/jats:styled-content> neonates, small for gestational age without foetal restriction (SGA<\/jats:styled-content>) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA<\/jats:styled-content>) neonates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design<\/jats:title>Prospective controlled multicenter study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Patients<\/jats:title>Sixteen ultrasound\u2010proven IUGR<\/jats:styled-content>, 8 SGA<\/jats:styled-content> and 40 AGA<\/jats:styled-content> neonates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Measurements<\/jats:title>Concentrations of total IGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010I and total IGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010II<\/jats:styled-content> by immunoassays, bioactive IGF<\/jats:styled-content> by cell\u2010based bioassay and IGFBP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010I in mixed venous and arterial umbilical cord blood samples at birth. Auxological parameters at birth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>IGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010I concentrations in IUGR<\/jats:styled-content> [17\u00b77\u00a0\u03bcg\/l (CI<\/jats:styled-content> 13\u00b78;21\u00b76)] were clearly below those in AGA<\/jats:styled-content> [48\u00b73\u00a0\u03bcg\/l (CI<\/jats:styled-content> 43\u00b77;52\u00b79)] and SGA<\/jats:styled-content> neonates [36\u00b70\u00a0\u03bcg\/l (CI<\/jats:styled-content> 26\u00b76;45\u00b74)]. IGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010II<\/jats:styled-content> levels were significantly reduced in IUGR<\/jats:styled-content> [201\u00b74\u00a0\u03bcg\/l (CI<\/jats:styled-content> 190\u00b72;212\u00b76)] compared to AGA<\/jats:styled-content> neonates [231\u00b72\u00a0\u03bcg\/l (CI<\/jats:styled-content> 220\u00b76;241\u00b79)]. A trend for lower IGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010II<\/jats:styled-content> concentrations was observed in IUGR<\/jats:styled-content> when compared to SGA<\/jats:styled-content> neonates [232\u00b70\u00a0\u03bcg\/l (CI<\/jats:styled-content> 207\u00b72;256\u00b78)]. These differences could not be explained by confounding. For IGFBP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101, a trend towards higher values in IUGR<\/jats:styled-content> was observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Low IGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010I cord blood concentrations in hypotrophic neonates after IUGR<\/jats:styled-content> might not only result from low birthweight per se<\/jats:italic>, but also reflect prenatal placental environment. Alterations of the IGF<\/jats:styled-content> axis could be in the causal pathway of IUGR<\/jats:styled-content> and thus constitute a potential surrogate marker for IUGR<\/jats:styled-content> in the assessment of foetal programming.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,28]],"date-time":"2015-06-28T12:36:54Z","timestamp":1435495014000},"page":"739-745","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Differential effects of low birthweight and intrauterine growth restriction on umbilical cord blood insulin\u2010like growth factor concentrations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Anja","family":"Tzschoppe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine University of Erlangen\u2010Nuremberg Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Riedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine University of Munich Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R\u00fcdiger","family":"von Kries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine University of Munich Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Struwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Centre for Social Paediatrics Klinikum Konstanz Konstanz Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Rascher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine University of Erlangen\u2010Nuremberg Erlangen 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