{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T17:28:59Z","timestamp":1783704539057,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,12]],"date-time":"2016-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HH<\/jats:styled-content>) is commonly associated with ageing, obesity and type 2 diabetes. The indications for pituitary imaging are controversial, and current guidelines are based on small case series.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective case series from a secondary\/tertiary endocrinology referral centre.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title><jats:p>All men presenting to the Edinburgh Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (testosterone &lt;10 nmol\/l and normal prolactin) from 2006 to 2013, in whom pituitary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> was performed (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 281). All <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HH<\/jats:styled-content> patients referred in 2011 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 86) were reviewed to assess differences between those selected for pituitary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> and those who were not scanned.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pituitary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> was normal in 235 men (83\u00b76%), with 24 microadenomas (8\u00b75%), 5 macroadenomas (1\u00b78%) and 1 craniopharyngioma (0\u00b74%) identified. The remaining 16 (5\u00b77%) comprised a range of minor pituitary abnormalities including small cysts and empty sella. All men with abnormal imaging studies had otherwise normal pituitary function. Imaging abnormalities were associated with a significantly lower age at presentation (50 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 54 years, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0\u00b702), but no differences in testosterone or gonadotrophin levels were observed. Current Endocrine Society guidelines would have prompted imaging in only three of six patients with significant pituitary pathology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Structural pituitary disease is more common in isolated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HH<\/jats:styled-content> than in the general population, and current guidelines do not accurately identify \u2018at\u2010risk\u2019 individuals. Full anterior pituitary function testing has a low yield in patients presenting with hypogonadism. The optimal strategy for determining the need for pituitary imaging remains uncertain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,6]],"date-time":"2016-01-06T06:22:39Z","timestamp":1452061359000},"page":"858-861","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["The prevalence of structural pituitary abnormalities by <scp>MRI<\/scp> scanning in men presenting with isolated hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Mazhar","family":"Dalvi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes NHS Lothian and University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian R.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes NHS Lothian and University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark W.J.","family":"Strachan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes NHS Lothian and University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola N.","family":"Zammitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes NHS Lothian and University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fraser W.","family":"Gibb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes NHS Lothian and University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0804"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1649"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2354"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)66441-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1426"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2014.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12594"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20412"}],"container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcen.13015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cen.13015","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cen.13015","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cen.13015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T23:57:18Z","timestamp":1692316638000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cen.13015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,12]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cen.13015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cen.13015","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-0664","1365-2265"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-0664","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2265","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,12]]}}}