{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:06:24Z","timestamp":1791875184464,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,29]],"date-time":"2016-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014\u20103185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\u20103185"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is yet unknown to which degree young subfertile men present with signs of hypogonadism and whether low testosterone concentration, like in older men, is associated with risk of osteoporosis and metabolic derangements in those subjects. The objective was therefore to investigate the prevalence of hypogonadism and its association with metabolic and bone parameters in young subfertile men.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional case\u2013control study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title><jats:p>Men from infertile couples (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 192); 18\u201350 years; sperm concentration &lt;20 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\/ml and population\u2010based age\u2010matched controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 199).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood sampling, anthropometrics, blood pressure, ankle\u2013brachial index and assessment by dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry were undertaken. Odds ratios of biochemical hypogonadism (total testosterone &lt;8\u00b70 nmol\/l and\/or luteinizing hormone \u22658\u00b76 IU\/l and\/or ongoing androgen replacement therapy) were calculated. Serum concentrations of sex hormones, lipids, glucose, insulin and HbA1c were assessed and bone mineral density (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMD<\/jats:styled-content>) evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to controls, the risk of hypogonadism was increased among subfertile men (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 10; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 5\u00b71, 22), being highest in those with nonobstructive azoospermia. Hypogonadal men had higher HbA1c concentration (mean diff. 2\u00b78 mmol\/mol; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 0\u00b764, 4\u00b79; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0\u00b7011) and lower lumbar spine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMD<\/jats:styled-content> (mean diff. 0\u00b705 g\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 0\u00b701, 0\u00b710; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0\u00b7032) compared to eugonadal subfertile men, even more pronounced in subfertile men with subnormal testosterone levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Young subfertile men have 10 times increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> of hypogonadism, which is linked to increased HbA1c and decreased bone mineralization. Endocrine assessment and, if needed, measures to prevent metabolic sequelae and osteoporosis should be included in the routine management of men from infertile couples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,9]],"date-time":"2016-02-09T09:04:28Z","timestamp":1455008668000},"page":"189-195","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["High prevalence of hypogonadism and associated impaired metabolic and bone mineral status in subfertile men"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Johannes","family":"Bobjer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Centre Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital Malm\u00f6 Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Urology Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital Malm\u00f6 Sweden"},{"name":"Molecular Reproductive Medicine Department of Translational Medicine Lund University Malm\u00f6 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