{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T21:46:09Z","timestamp":1789076769793,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,21]],"date-time":"2016-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To retrospectively compare the effectiveness and safety of 1\u2010year administration of transdermal oestradiol (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TE<\/jats:styled-content>) with cyproterone acetate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPA<\/jats:styled-content>) or leuprolide acetate (Leu) in transwomen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design, patients and measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty transwomen received 50 mg of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPA<\/jats:styled-content> daily orally (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 20; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPA<\/jats:styled-content>+E group) or Leu at a dose of 3\u00b775 mg i.m. monthly (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 20; Leu+E group) in combination with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TE<\/jats:styled-content> at a dose of 1 or 2 mg daily for 1 year. Reproductive hormones, biochemical parameters, body composition and bone mineral density were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> FSH<\/jats:styled-content> and total testosterone levels were significantly decreased by month three of hormone administration in both groups and continued to decrease until month 12; the decrease in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content> levels in the first 12 months was significantly faster in the Leu+E group. Prolactin was significantly increased at month 12 in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPA<\/jats:styled-content>+E group only. Bone metabolism parameters and bone mineral density as detected at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEXA<\/jats:styled-content> did not significantly change in either group, apart from a statistically significant increase in parathyroid hormone after 52 weeks of Leu administration. Total cholesterol and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cholesterol were significantly increased in the Leu+E group and reduced in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPA<\/jats:styled-content>+E group. No major adverse effects were registered in either group. Psychological well\u2010being parameters did not differ between the two groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preliminary results from this retrospective observational pilot study suggest that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPA<\/jats:styled-content> and Leu in combination with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TE<\/jats:styled-content> are equally effective in the suppression of gonadotrophins and testosterone levels over 1 year. Whether the different effects on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cholesterol may lead to long\u2010term different cardiovascular safety profiles remains to be defined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,2]],"date-time":"2016-03-02T08:00:47Z","timestamp":1456905647000},"page":"239-246","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Cyproterone acetate <i>vs<\/i> leuprolide acetate in combination with transdermal oestradiol in transwomen: a comparison of safety and effectiveness"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Giulia","family":"Gava","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology and Physiopathology of Human Reproduction S. 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