{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T21:03:40Z","timestamp":1767992620615,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,19]],"date-time":"2016-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1482105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Merck Serono Ltd"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>Alterations in the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013thyroid axis have been reported following growth hormone (GH<\/jats:styled-content>) replacement. The aim was to examine the relationship between changes in serum concentration of thyroid hormones and deiodinase activity in subcutaneous adipose tissue, before and after GH<\/jats:styled-content> replacement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design<\/jats:title>A prospective, observational study of patients receiving GH<\/jats:styled-content> replacement as part of routine clinical care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Patients<\/jats:title>Twenty adult hypopituitary men.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Measurements<\/jats:title>Serum TSH<\/jats:styled-content>, thyroid hormones \u2013 free and total thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) and reverse T3, thyroglobulin and thyroid\u2010binding globulin (TBG<\/jats:styled-content>) levels were measured before and after GH<\/jats:styled-content> substitution. Changes in serum hormone levels were compared to the activity of deiodinase isoenzymes (DIO<\/jats:styled-content>1, DIO<\/jats:styled-content>2 and DIO<\/jats:styled-content>3) in subcutaneous adipose tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The mean daily dose of growth hormone (GH<\/jats:styled-content>) was 0\u00b734 \u00b1 0\u00b711 mg (range 0\u00b715\u20130\u00b75 mg). Following GH<\/jats:styled-content> replacement, mean free T4 levels declined (\u22121\u00b709 \u00b1 1\u00b799 pmol\/l, P<\/jats:italic> = 0\u00b702). Reverse T3 levels also fell (\u22123\u00b744 \u00b1 1\u00b742 ng\/dl, P<\/jats:italic> = 0\u00b703) and free T3 levels increased significantly (+0\u00b734 \u00b1 0\u00b715 pmol\/l, P<\/jats:italic> = 0\u00b703). In subcutaneous fat, DIO<\/jats:styled-content>2 enzyme activity declined; DIO<\/jats:styled-content>1 and DIO<\/jats:styled-content>3 activities remained unchanged following GH<\/jats:styled-content> substitution. Serum TSH<\/jats:styled-content>, thyroglobulin and TBG<\/jats:styled-content> levels were unaltered by GH<\/jats:styled-content> therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>In vitro<\/jats:italic> analysis of subcutaneous adipose tissue from hypopituitary human subjects demonstrates that GH<\/jats:styled-content> replacement is associated with significant changes in deiodinase isoenzyme activity. However, the observed variation in enzyme activity does not explain the changes in the circulating concentration of thyroid hormones induced by GH<\/jats:styled-content> replacement. It is possible that deiodinase isoenzymes are differentially regulated by GH<\/jats:styled-content> in other tissues including liver and muscle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,3]],"date-time":"2016-11-03T13:33:20Z","timestamp":1478180000000},"page":"747-754","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The effect of growth hormone replacement on the thyroid axis in patients with hypopituitarism: in vivo<\/i> and ex vivo<\/i> studies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9248-8191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nigel","family":"Glynn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Beaumont Hospital & RCSI Medical School Dublin 9 Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Kenny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Human Performance Dublin 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