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Treatment of hypertriglyceridaemia is based on fibrates, which activate the peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor alpha (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPAR<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1). However, the metabolic pathways that activate or inhibit fibrates, and how the postprandial triglyceride levels are modified, have not yet been fully described. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBMC<\/jats:styled-content>) to study the effects of fenofibrate in patients with the metabolic syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A fat overload was given to 50 patients before and after treatment with fenofibrate for 3 months. Anthropometric and biochemical variables as well as gene expression in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBMC<\/jats:styled-content> were analysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After treatment with fenofibrate, we observed a decrease in both baseline and postprandial (3 h after the fat overload) levels of serum triglycerides, cholesterol and uric acid and an increase in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDL<\/jats:styled-content> cholesterol and apolipoprotein <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> levels. After treatment, there was also a rise in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPAR<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RXR<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1 expression and changes in genes regulated by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPAR<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1, both baseline and postprandial. Furthermore, <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> experiments showed that a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPAR<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1 agonist changed the expression of genes related with lipid metabolism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treatment with fenofibrate reduced fasting and postprandial serum triglyceride levels, possibly through a mechanism related with an increase in the expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RXR<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPAR<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1, by activating the pathways involved in the uptake and degradation of triglycerides and increasing the synthesis of apolipoprotein. These results suggest that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBMC<\/jats:styled-content> may be useful for the easy study of fenofibrate actions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,2]],"date-time":"2017-03-02T07:52:43Z","timestamp":1488441163000},"page":"784-790","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Molecular effect of fenofibrate on <scp>PBMC<\/scp> gene transcription related to lipid metabolism in patients with metabolic syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"I.","family":"Moreno\u2010Indias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBERobn), CB06\/03 Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Unidad Gesti\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica Endocrinolog\u00eda y Nutrici\u00f3n Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga (IBIMA) Universidad de M\u00e1laga M\u00e1laga 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