{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T10:28:48Z","timestamp":1775471328445,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,31]],"date-time":"2017-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Context<\/jats:title><jats:p>The relative recurrence risk ratio (\u03bb<jats:sub>R<\/jats:sub>) for Hashimoto's thyroiditis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content>) has not been widely studied. The age at which thyroid function evaluation should be initiated for relatives of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content> patients remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To study \u03bb<jats:sub>R<\/jats:sub> and age\u2010related prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content> in first\u2010degree relatives of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content> patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>First\u2010degree relatives (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 861) of 264 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content> patients were evaluated for goitre, thyroid function tests, thyroid antibodies (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TA<\/jats:styled-content>b) and urinary iodide concentration (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UIC<\/jats:styled-content>). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content> was defined as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TA<\/jats:styled-content>b positivity and hypothyroidism (subclinical\/overt). \u03bb<jats:sub>R<\/jats:sub> was calculated as {number of index patients whose relatives (of particular subtype) had <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content>\/number of index patients having relatives of same subtype}\u00f7 population prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content> (5\u00b71%). The age\u2010related prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content> was studied using Kaplan\u2013Meier method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 861 relatives (205 parents, 336 siblings and 320 offspring) participated in the study. About 38\u00b73% were <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TA<\/jats:styled-content>b positive. The prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content> was 16\u00b77% (22\u00b79% in parents, 19\u00b76% in siblings and 9\u00b76% in offspring). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TA<\/jats:styled-content>b positivity (48\u00b73% <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 33\u00b71%) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content> (23\u00b75% <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 13\u00b76%) were significantly more common in the goitrous group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 267) <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> nongoitrous group. The median <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UIC<\/jats:styled-content> for the study population was 182\u00b75 \u03bcg\/l. Computed \u03bb<jats:sub>R<\/jats:sub> was 9\u00b71 for any one relative being affected, 5\u00b79 for parents, 6\u00b73 for siblings and 3\u00b71 for offspring. The prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content> increased with age and exceeded the adult population prevalence of 5\u00b71% at 20 years in females and 27 years in males.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Relatives of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content> patients have a ninefold increased risk for developing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content> as compared to the general population. The risk of developing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content> exceeds that of the general population at 20 years in females and 27 years in males.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,8]],"date-time":"2017-03-08T18:46:36Z","timestamp":1488998796000},"page":"201-206","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Hashimoto's thyroiditis: relative recurrence risk ratio and implications for screening of first\u2010degree relatives"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Nikita","family":"Bothra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nalini","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7679-6656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manjunath","family":"Goroshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Swati","family":"Jadhav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheetal","family":"Padalkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hemangini","family":"Thakkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gurudayal Singh","family":"Toteja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientist\u2010\u2019G\u2019 &amp; Head (Nutrition) Indian Council of Medical Research Department of Health Research Ministry of Health &amp; Family Welfare, Govt. of India New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vyankatesh","family":"Shivane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anurag","family":"Lila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tushar","family":"Bandgar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra021194"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02893034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/30288"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1271619"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.2.536"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1977.tb01340.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5242.1793"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.2.8182"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1548832"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"719","article-title":"Familial studies of autoimmune thyroiditis","volume":"2","author":"Hall R.","year":"1967","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"222","article-title":"Linkage strategies for genetically complex traits. 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