{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T16:53:07Z","timestamp":1763139187200,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]],"date-time":"2017-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005010","name":"Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Whether serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSH<\/jats:styled-content> undergoes seasonal fluctuations in euthyroid and hypothyroid residents of temperate climates is controversial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Monthly <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSH<\/jats:styled-content> and thyroid hormone levels were cross\u2010sectionally analysed in a large cohort of euthyroid subjects (n=11\u00a0806) and L\u2010thyroxine (L\u2010T4)\u2010treated athyreotic patients (n=3 934). Moreover, in a small group (n=119) of athyreotic patients treated with an unchanged dosage of L\u2010T4 monotherapy, hormones were measured both in the coldest and in the hottest seasons of the same year (longitudinal study).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No seasonal hormone change was observed in the euthyroid subjects except for a small <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FT<\/jats:styled-content>3 increase in winter (+2.9%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.001). In contrast, the L\u2010T4\u2010treated athyreotic patients had significantly higher serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSH<\/jats:styled-content> values in the cold season when the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FT<\/jats:styled-content>4 values were significantly lower. The differences were more notable in the longitudinal series (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSH<\/jats:styled-content>, 0.80 vs. 0.20\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mU<\/jats:styled-content>\/L and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FT<\/jats:styled-content>4, 16.3 vs. 17.8\u00a0pmol\/L in December\u2010March vs. June\u2010September, respectively). In these patients also serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FT<\/jats:styled-content>3 values significantly decreased in winter (in the longitudinal series, 3.80 in winter vs 4.07\u00a0pmol\/L in summer). Regression analysis showed that in athyreotic subjects, a greater <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FT<\/jats:styled-content>4 change is required to obtain a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSH<\/jats:styled-content> change similar to that of euthyroid controls and that this effect is more pronounced in the summer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Athyreotic patients undergoing L\u2010T4 monotherapy have abnormal seasonal variations in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSH<\/jats:styled-content>. These changes are secondary to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FT<\/jats:styled-content>4 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FT<\/jats:styled-content>3 serum decreases in winter, which occur in spite of the constant treatment. The underlying mechanisms are unclear, but in some cases, these changes may be clinically relevant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,11]],"date-time":"2017-04-11T14:42:48Z","timestamp":1491921768000},"page":"207-215","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Seasonal variations in <scp>TSH<\/scp> serum levels in athyreotic patients under L\u2010thyroxine replacement monotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4034-6378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damiano","family":"Gullo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Garibaldi\u2010Nesima Medical Center University of Catania  Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adele","family":"Latina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Garibaldi\u2010Nesima Medical Center University of Catania  Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Frasca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Garibaldi\u2010Nesima Medical Center University of Catania  Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastiano","family":"Squatrito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Garibaldi\u2010Nesima Medical Center University of Catania  Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonino","family":"Belfiore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Unit Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro  Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Vigneri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Garibaldi\u2010Nesima Medical Center University of Catania  Catania Italy"},{"name":"CNR Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging  Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-201X.2005.01463.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00009.2005"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(00)00064-0"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1690195"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-70-4-965"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031747"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1997.1881002.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj1954.25.635"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj1954.27.471"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005743626105"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","DOI":"10.1159\/000181506"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1607"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-54-6-1118"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(84)90039-8"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03346590"},{"unstructured":"http:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stazione_meteorologica_di_Catania_Sigonella.","key":"e_1_2_7_17_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"257","volume-title":"Werner and Ingbar's the Thyroid","author":"Reed HL","year":"2000"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/40.6.1352"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00488.2002"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0332"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022552"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12527"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-57-3-500"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(91)90527-U"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602346"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","DOI":"10.1080\/09637480500407875"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2008.01721.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109590"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0316"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2014.00019"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00637.2013"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1398616"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0138"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12013"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00577.2012"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2014.00012"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2016.01.002"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8000"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","DOI":"10.1186\/1880-6805-31-10"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2014.10.015"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(92)90062-C"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1998.8.951"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199902113400603"}],"container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcen.13351","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cen.13351","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cen.13351","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cen.13351","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T14:09:03Z","timestamp":1692367743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cen.13351"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cen.13351"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cen.13351","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-0664","1365-2265"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0300-0664"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1365-2265"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]]}}}