{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T02:22:40Z","timestamp":1776306160901,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,5]],"date-time":"2017-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite lymphocytic or autoimmune infundibuloneurohypophysitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">INH<\/jats:styled-content>) is an increasingly recognized aetiology in children with central diabetes insipidus (CDI); clinical data on epidemiology (clinical evolution, predisposing factors, complications), diagnosis and management of this entity are limited and mostly based on published case reports. The aim of this study was to gain a broader insight in the natural history of this disease by analysing the clinical presentation, radiological pituitary stalk changes, associated autoimmunity and hormonal deficiencies in children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDI<\/jats:styled-content> and a self\u2010limiting or transient stalk thickening (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ST<\/jats:styled-content>), diagnosed as autoimmune infundibuloneurohypophysitis, during the last 15\u00a0years in four Belgian university hospitals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and Patients<\/jats:title><jats:p>The medical files of nine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDI<\/jats:styled-content> patients with a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ST<\/jats:styled-content> at initial presentation and no signs of Langerhans cell histiocytosis or germinoma at presentation and\/or during follow\u2010up of more than 1.5\u00a0years were reviewed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Age at presentation ranged from 3 to 14\u00a0years. Two patients had a positive family history of autoimmunity. Three children presented with associated growth failure, two with nausea and one with long\u2010standing headache. Median maximal diameter of the stalk was 4.6\u00a0mm (2.7\u201010\u00a0mm). Four patients had extra\u2010pituitary brain anomalies, such as cysts. One patient had central hypothyroidism, and another had a partial growth hormone deficiency at diagnosis. Within a mean follow\u2010up of 5.4 (1.5\u201015) years, stalk thickening remained unchanged in two patients, regressed in one and normalized in six children. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDI<\/jats:styled-content> remained in all, while additional pituitary hormone deficiencies developed in only one patient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this series of children <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">INH<\/jats:styled-content> with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDI<\/jats:styled-content> as initial presentation, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDI<\/jats:styled-content> was permanent and infrequently associated with anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies, despite a frequent association with nonstalk cerebral lesions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,26]],"date-time":"2017-04-26T14:59:45Z","timestamp":1493218785000},"page":"171-176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Clinical presentation and outcome of children with central diabetes insipidus associated with a self\u2010limited or transient pituitary stalk thickening, diagnosed as infundibuloneurohypophysitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7944-7272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Schaefers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics UZ Brussel Kinderziekenhuis Vrije Universiteit Brussel  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Cools","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology UZ Gent  Gent 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