{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T12:38:33Z","timestamp":1769085513172,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]],"date-time":"2017-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Context<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diabetes and hypertension coexist in 40%\u201060% of individuals with type 2 diabetes. The coexistence of these two conditions is associated with increased risk of retinopathy, nephropathy and cardiovascular disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the prevalence of primary aldosteronism (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PA<\/jats:styled-content>) in a general cohort of persons with type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional study involving six diabetes outpatient clinics in Sweden.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title><jats:p>were enrolled individuals with type 2 diabetes between February 2008 and December 2013.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plasma aldosterone concentrations (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAC<\/jats:styled-content> pmol\/L) and direct renin concentrations (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DRC mIU<\/jats:styled-content>\/L) were measured. Patients with increased aldosterone renin ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARR<\/jats:styled-content>) &gt;65 were further evaluated for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 578 consecutively screened patients with type 2 diabetes, 27 were treated with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRA<\/jats:styled-content>) and potassium\u2010sparing diuretics not further evaluated. Among the remaining 551 patients, 38 had increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARR<\/jats:styled-content>, including 22 who were clinically indicated for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PA<\/jats:styled-content> tests and 16 who were not further evaluated due to severe comorbidities and old age. There were five (0.93%) patients with confirmed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PA<\/jats:styled-content> after computerized tomography and adrenal venous sampling. Patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PA<\/jats:styled-content> had higher systolic blood pressure (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.032) and lower potassium levels (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.027) than those without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PA<\/jats:styled-content>. No significant association was found between plasma aldosterone and diabetic complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PA<\/jats:styled-content> in an unselected cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes is relatively low, and measures of plasma aldosterone are not strong risk factors for micro\u2010 and macrovascular diabetic complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,10]],"date-time":"2017-05-10T20:32:45Z","timestamp":1494448365000},"page":"233-241","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Prevalence of primary aldosteronism among patients with type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Mauro","family":"Tancredi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg 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