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The objective was to investigate insulin sensitivity in relation to fat distribution and adipocytokines among current and former <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AAS<\/jats:styled-content> abusers compared with controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional study among men involved in recreational strength training. Current and former <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AAS<\/jats:styled-content> abusers (n=37 and n=33) and controls (n=30) volunteered from the community.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We assessed insulin sensitivity by Matsuda index (oral glucose tolerance test). Using overnight fasting blood samples, adiponectin and leptin were measured. Body composition and fat distribution, including visceral adipose tissue (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAT<\/jats:styled-content>), were assessed by dual energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current and former <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AAS<\/jats:styled-content> abusers displayed lower Matsuda index than controls (%\u2010difference (95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) from controls, \u221226% (\u221245; \u22121) and \u221239% (\u221255; \u221218)). Testosterone was markedly higher among current <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AAS<\/jats:styled-content> abusers and subnormal among former <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AAS<\/jats:styled-content> abusers compared with controls. Current <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AAS<\/jats:styled-content> abusers displayed higher mean <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAT<\/jats:styled-content> than controls (388 (17) vs 293 (12) cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.001) whereas body fat %, adiponectin and leptin concentrations were lower. In contrast, former <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AAS<\/jats:styled-content> abusers showed highest leptin concentrations and body fat %. Multivariate linear regressions identified <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAT<\/jats:styled-content> as independent predictor of lower Matsuda index among current <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AAS<\/jats:styled-content> abusers compared with controls; while body fat % independently predicted lower Matsuda index among former <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AAS<\/jats:styled-content> abusers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both current and former <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AAS<\/jats:styled-content> abusers displayed lower insulin sensitivity which could be mediated by higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAT<\/jats:styled-content> and total body fat %, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,13]],"date-time":"2017-05-13T08:16:08Z","timestamp":1494663368000},"page":"249-256","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Insulin sensitivity in relation to fat distribution and plasma adipocytokines among abusers of anabolic androgenic steroids"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2898-1771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon Jarl\u00f8v","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Copenhagen University Hospitals  Herlev and Gentofte Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen 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