{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T11:34:41Z","timestamp":1784806481112,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,7]],"date-time":"2017-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008375","name":"Universit\u00e4t Basel","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008375","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hyponatraemia due to excessive fluid intake (ie primary polydipsia [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PP<\/jats:styled-content>]) is common. It may culminate in profound hyponatraemia\u2014carrying considerable risk of morbidity. However, data on patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PP<\/jats:styled-content> leading to hyponatraemia are lacking. Herein, we describe the characteristics of polydiptic patients hospitalized with profound hyponatraemia and assess 1\u2010year outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Substudy of the prospective observational Co\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MED<\/jats:styled-content> Study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with an episode of profound hyponatraemia (\u2264125\u00a0mmol\/L) due to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PP<\/jats:styled-content> in the medical emergency were eligible and classified into psychogenic polydipsia (PsyP), dipsogenic polydipsia (DiP) and beer potomania (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Symptoms, laboratory findings and factors contributing to hyponatraemia (comorbidities, medication and liquid intake) were assessed. A 1\u2010year follow\u2010up was performed to evaluate recurrence of hyponatraemia, readmission rate and mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010three patients were included (median age 56\u00a0years [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content> 50\u201065], 74% female), seven had PsyP, eight had DiP and eight had <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>. Median serum sodium of all patients was 121\u00a0mmol\/L (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content> 114\u2010123), median urine osmolality 167\u00a0mmol\/L (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content> 105\u2010184) and median copeptin 3.6\u00a0mmol\/L (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.9\u20105.5). Psychiatric diagnoses, particularly dependency disorder (43%) and depression (35%), were highly prevalent. Factors provoking hyponatraemia were found in all patients (eg acute water load, medication, stress).<\/jats:p><jats:p>During the follow\u2010up period, 67% of patients were readmitted, 52% of these with rehyponatraemia, and three patients (38%) with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content> died.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PP<\/jats:styled-content> are more likely to be female and to have addictive and affective disorders. Given the high recurrence, rehospitalization and mortality rate, careful monitoring and long\u2010term follow\u2010up including controls of serum sodium, education and behavioural therapy are needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,28]],"date-time":"2017-05-28T04:52:45Z","timestamp":1495947165000},"page":"492-499","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Characteristics and outcomes of patients with profound hyponatraemia due to primary polydipsia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Clara O.","family":"Sailer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism University Hospital Basel  Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research University Hospital Basel  Basel 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