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We examined longitudinal trajectories and associations of testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DHT<\/jats:styled-content>), oestradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content>) and sex hormone\u2010binding globulin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SHBG<\/jats:styled-content>) in oldest old men.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied 1025 community\u2010dwelling men median age 75.1\u00a0years at baseline with 8.6\u00a0years of follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Baseline and follow\u2010up T, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DHT<\/jats:styled-content> and E2 were assayed using mass spectrometry. Physical performance was assessed at follow\u2010up. Correlations and covariate\u2010adjusted <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010values were determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Longitudinal change in T was \u22122.0%\/year, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DHT<\/jats:styled-content> \u22127.2%\/year, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content> +7.5%\/year, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SHBG<\/jats:styled-content> +5.6%\/year while E2 remained stable. Annualized increases in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content> correlated with decreases in T and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DHT<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u2212.20, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.0001 and <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u2212.12, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.0035, respectively). Higher baseline T correlated with better physical performance at follow\u2010up (eg, Step test <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.07, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.03), as did higher baseline <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DHT<\/jats:styled-content> (eg, time to sit\u2013stand [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSS<\/jats:styled-content>] <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u2212.07, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.01). Larger annualized increases in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content> predicted poorer physical performance at follow\u2010up (eg, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSS <\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.14, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.001). Higher T at follow\u2010up was associated with better physical performance (eg, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSS <\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u2212.07, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.04), as were higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DHT<\/jats:styled-content> and lower <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content>. At baseline, 24 men (2.4%) had abnormally high <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content> (&gt;16\u00a0IU\/L); at follow\u2010up, 175 (17.4%) had high <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content> of whom 70 had low T (&lt;6.4\u00a0nmol\/L).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Annualized increases in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content> are associated with declines in T and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DHT<\/jats:styled-content>, and predict poorer subsequent physical performance in oldest old men. Men transitioning from 8th to 9th decades exhibit biochemical evidence of progressively impaired testicular endocrine function, warranting further evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,25]],"date-time":"2017-09-25T14:19:26Z","timestamp":1506349166000},"page":"88-95","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Progressive impairment of testicular endocrine function in ageing men: Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone decrease, and luteinizing hormone increases, in men transitioning from the 8th to 9th decades of life"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"88","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7612-5892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bu B.","family":"Yeap","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Fiona Stanley Hospital Perth WA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurens","family":"Manning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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