{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:46:40Z","timestamp":1787014000468,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]],"date-time":"2018-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Renin\u2010angiotensin\u2010aldosterone system (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAAS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) plays a crucial role in maintaining water and electrolytes homoeostasis, and its deregulation contributes to the development of arterial hypertension. Since the historical description of the \u201cclassical\u201d\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAAS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , a dramatic increase in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of both essential and secondary hypertension has occurred. Approximatively 25% of the patients affected by arterial hypertension display low\u2010renin levels, a definition that is largely arbitrary and depends on the investigated population and the specific characteristics of the assay. Most often, low\u2010renin levels are expression of a physiological response to sodium\u2010volume overload, but also a significant number of secondary hereditary or acquired conditions falls within this category. In a context of suppressed renin status, the concomitant examination of plasma aldosterone levels (which can be inappropriately elevated, within the normal range or suppressed) and plasma potassium are essential to formulate a differential diagnosis. To distinguish between the different forms of low\u2010renin hypertension is of fundamental importance to address the patient to the proper clinical management, as each subtype requires a specific and targeted therapy. The present review will discuss the differential diagnosis of the most common medical conditions manifesting with a clinical phenotype of low\u2010renin hypertension, enlightening the novelties in genetics of the familial forms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]],"date-time":"2018-05-14T14:24:19Z","timestamp":1526307859000},"page":"385-396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Diagnostic approach to low\u2010renin hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Monticone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Department of Medical Sciences University of Torino  Torino Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Losano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal 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