{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T12:11:13Z","timestamp":1769947873063,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,15]],"date-time":"2018-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Therapeutic Evaluation Unit of the British Columbia Provincial Health Services Authority."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case reports have suggested an increased risk of gynecomastia with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HMG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010CoA reductase inhibitors (ie, statins). A recent meta\u2010analysis also found that statins decrease circulating testosterone levels in men. We investigated whether statin use was associated with an increased risk of gynecomastia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case\u2010control study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cohort of patients from a random sample of 9\u00a0053\u00a0240 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> subjects from the PharMetrics Plus<jats:sup>\u2122<\/jats:sup> health claims database from 2006 to 2016 was created.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>New cases of gynecomastia requiring at least two <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20109 codes were identified from the cohort and matched to 10 controls by follow\u2010up time and age using density\u2010based sampling. Rate ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>s) for users of statins were computed using conditional logistic regression adjusting for alcoholic cirrhosis, hyperthyroidism, testicular cancer, Klinefelter syndrome, obesity, hypogonadism, hyperprolactinemia and use of spironolactone, ketoconazole, H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptor antagonists (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> blockers), risperidone, testosterone and androgen deprivation therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our cohort included 6147 cases of gynecomastia and 61\u00a0470 corresponding matched controls. The adjusted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content> for current, recent and past statin use with respect to gynecomastia was 1.19 (1.04\u20101.36), 1.38 (1.15\u20101.65) and 1.20 (1.03\u20101.40), respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Statin use is associated with an increased risk of developing gynecomastia. Clinicians should be cognizant of this effect and educate patients accordingly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]],"date-time":"2018-06-20T05:55:03Z","timestamp":1529474103000},"page":"470-473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Statin medications and the risk of gynecomastia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Sean C","family":"Skeldon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Carleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Translational Therapeutics Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James 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