{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:38:24Z","timestamp":1790818704835,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HH<\/jats:styled-content>) are typically azoospermic, and yet <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HH<\/jats:styled-content> is one of the few treatable forms of male infertility. Sperm induction protocols using gonadotrophins aim to replicate the natural endocrine control of spermatogenesis. Previously virilised men with adult\u2010onset <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HH<\/jats:styled-content> and normal testicular volume respond well to monotherapy in which human chorionic gonadotrophin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hCG<\/jats:styled-content>) acts as a long\u2010acting <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010analogue stimulating spermatogenesis. However, this approach is rarely successful for men with congenital <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HH<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHH<\/jats:styled-content>) (eg, Kallmann syndrome), for whom combined gonadotrophin therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hCG<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0follicle\u2010stimulating hormone [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FSH<\/jats:styled-content>]) is an absolute requirement to maximise fertility potential. Key baseline predictors of successful spermatogenesis\u2010induction include prior spontaneous testicular development (ie<jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic> testicular volume [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TV<\/jats:styled-content>]\u00a0&gt;\u00a04\u00a0mL), serum inhibin B (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>) concentration &gt;60\u00a0pg\/mL and no history of maldescended testes (cryptorchidism).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,8]],"date-time":"2018-09-08T20:05:38Z","timestamp":1536437138000},"page":"712-718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Fertility induction in hypogonadotropic hypogonadal men"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2129-1073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Prior","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle Fertility Centre at LIFE Newcastle\u2010upon\u2010Tyne Hospitals Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4301-8481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle Fertility Centre at LIFE Newcastle\u2010upon\u2010Tyne Hospitals Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"McEleny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle Fertility Centre at LIFE Newcastle\u2010upon\u2010Tyne Hospitals Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew A.","family":"Dwyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"William F. 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