{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T08:42:28Z","timestamp":1790066548293,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,29]],"date-time":"2018-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Metabolically healthy individuals are known to be resistant to cardiovascular disease development. However, a considerable fraction of those individuals shows deteriorated metabolic health over time. Although skeletal muscle is the primary insulin\u2010responsive target organ, a longitudinal investigation of the skeletal muscle mass in relation to the development of metabolically unhealthy phenotype has not been performed. We aimed to evaluate whether greater skeletal muscle mass is an independent protective factor for the development of metabolically unhealthy phenotype.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design, Participants and Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study with 9033 metabolically healthy volunteers who underwent routine health examinations in 2012 and a follow\u2010up examination in 2016. Obesity was defined as Asian\u2010Pacific body mass index criterion \u226525\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. Subjects with fewer than two risk factors (elevated blood pressure, triglyceride, glucose, high\u2010sensitivity C\u2010reactive protein, insulin resistance and decreased high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol levels) were characterized as metabolically healthy using Wildman criteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At the 4\u2010year follow\u2010up, approximately one\u2010fourth of the nonobese participants and half of the participants with obesity showed metabolic deterioration. In nonobese men and women, higher appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM)\/weight at baseline was significantly associated with decreased risk of metabolic deterioration. Compared to the lowest quartile of ASM\/weight, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of the highest quartile were 0.68 (0.52\u20100.89) in nonobese men and 0.64 (0.46\u20100.90) in nonobese women. However, this association was not observed in obese subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Greater skeletal muscle mass at baseline is significantly associated with maintenance of metabolically healthy status, especially in nonobese individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,6]],"date-time":"2018-10-06T09:55:01Z","timestamp":1538819701000},"page":"102-113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Protective role of skeletal muscle mass against progression from metabolically healthy to unhealthy phenotype"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9090-5863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min Jung","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan 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