{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:36:17Z","timestamp":1777451777250,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,7]],"date-time":"2019-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004191","name":"Novo Nordisk","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Context<\/jats:title><jats:p>Growth hormone (GH) treatment of short healthy children is based on the belief that short stature is associated with psychosocial problems and a diminished quality of life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the impact of GH therapy on psychosocial well\u2010being and the ability of psychological metrics to define short stature\u2010related distress.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty prepubertal boys with idiopathic short stature (age: 10.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.4\u00a0years, height\u2010SDS: \u22122.38\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.3) were enrolled in this 4\u2010year intervention study (1\u2010year double\u2010blinded, randomized, placebo\u2010controlled [GH\/placebo\u20102:1] and 3\u2010year open\u2010labelled GH therapy). Explicit (conscious\/voluntary) psychological metrics (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory [PedsQL], Silhouette Apperception Test [SAT], Rosenberg Self\u2010Esteem Scale [RSES], Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL]) and implicit (unconscious\/involuntary) psychological metrics (Single\u2010Category Implicit Association Test for height [SC\u2010IAT\u2010H], Height Perception Picture Test [HPPT]). Psychosocial evaluations were performed at study entry, after 1 and 4\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At study entry, PedsQL of boys with idiopathic short stature was lower than Israeli norms (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.001). After 1\u2010year blinded intervention, only the GH\u2010treated boys improved their actual and anticipated adult height perception (SAT<jats:italic>, P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.001 and <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.022) with reduced short stature\u2010related distress (SC\u2010IAT\u2010H, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.001). At study end, RSES and SC\u2010IAT\u2010H improved significantly (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.001), with no change in PedsQL and CBCL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our finding of improved psychosocial functioning only in the GH\u2010treated boys after 1\u2010year blinded intervention suggests that it was the GH therapy, rather than being enrolled in a clinical trial, which contributed to the outcome. Long\u2010term open\u2010labelled GH treatment significantly improved height perception and self\u2010esteem. Future studies are needed to fully assess the relevance of complementing the routinely used explicit self\u2010report measures with the implicit measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,5]],"date-time":"2019-02-05T20:44:29Z","timestamp":1549399469000},"page":"690-701","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Growth hormone therapy and short stature\u2010related distress: A randomized placebo\u2010controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Moran","family":"Shemesh\u2010Iron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jesse Z and Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children\u2019s Medical Center of Israel Petah Tikva Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0442-931X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liora","family":"Lazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jesse Z and Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children\u2019s Medical Center of Israel Petah Tikva Israel"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5963-0574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yael","family":"Lebenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jesse Z and Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children\u2019s Medical Center of Israel Petah Tikva Israel"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel"},{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Dana\u2010Dwek Children\u2019s Hospital Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nessia","family":"Nagelberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jesse Z and Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children\u2019s Medical Center of Israel Petah Tikva Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4552-6909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariel","family":"Tenenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jesse Z and Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children\u2019s Medical Center of Israel Petah Tikva Israel"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Revital","family":"Ezra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jesse Z and Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children\u2019s Medical Center of Israel Petah Tikva Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nir","family":"Leffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jesse Z and Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children\u2019s Medical Center of Israel Petah Tikva Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9441-5033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Yackobovitch\u2010Gavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jesse Z and Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children\u2019s Medical Center of Israel Petah Tikva Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Schoenberg\u2010Taz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jesse Z and Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children\u2019s Medical Center of Israel Petah Tikva Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moshe","family":"Phillip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jesse Z and Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children\u2019s Medical Center of Israel Petah Tikva Israel"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1997.02170470051010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.62.8.855"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration: FDA approves Humatrope for short stature.FDA Talk Paper. 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