{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T02:28:57Z","timestamp":1783477737854,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]],"date-time":"2019-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polyamines are indispensable polycations and play important physiological roles in living cells. Some polyamine metabolites have been associated with autoimmune disorders. The aims of this study were to profile polyamine metabolites in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and predict whether polyamine metabolites are associated with thyroid hormone, thyroid autoantibodies or disease progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design, patients and measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 136 participants were recruited, including Graves\u2019 disease (GD) (n\u00a0=\u00a036), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) (n\u00a0=\u00a033) and thyroid autoantibody\u2010positive (pTAb) (n\u00a0=\u00a029) patients and 38 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched healthy controls (HCs). Fourteen polyamine metabolites, including polyamine precursors, polyamines and polyamine catabolite, were measured by UFLC\u2010MS\/MS<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both GD and HT patients had higher L\u2010arginine, L\u2010ornithine, lysine and agmatine levels and lower putrescine, 1,3\u2010diaminopropane, spermine, N\u2010acetylputrescine levels than HCs. Some polyamine metabolite levels were different only in GD or HT patients compared to HCs: GD patients had significantly higher spermidine, N\u2010acetylspermidine and \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid and lower cadaverine, whereas HT patients had significantly decreased N\u2010acetylspermine. Only spermine and N\u2010acetylspermine were significantly lower in pTAb than HCs. The spermine:spermidine ratio was significantly reduced in all AITD patients. In addition, spermine was negatively correlated with thyroid\u2010specific antibodies grade. N\u2010acetylspermidine might be a risk factor for pTAb progression to overt hypothyroidism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with the HCs, most metabolites of GD and HT showed similar patterns, suggesting the possibility of a common pathophysiological basis or metabolic pathway. Moreover, pTAb progression to overt hypothyroidism may be related to high N\u2010acetylspermidine. Thyroid autoimmunity was associated with low spermine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]],"date-time":"2019-02-06T14:36:13Z","timestamp":1549463773000},"page":"727-736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Serum polyamine metabolic profile in autoimmune thyroid disease patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7146-7917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University China Medical University Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongyan","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University China Medical University Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyuan","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University China Medical University Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiping","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University China Medical University Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2015.0613"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2015.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2014.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj1954.22.339"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-034-8_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-009-0408-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-011-1193-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.TM118.003337"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0350300"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1508187112"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2016.71"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34340"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203317751860"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2013.06.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1668"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-007-8012-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"150","article-title":"The role of the immune system and cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD)","volume":"65","author":"Mikos H","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endokrynol Pol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2015.00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/7.3.541"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan2788"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.10.1759"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3510439"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-007-0513-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.TM118.006291"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-3174"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(20)82220-0","article-title":"Identification of the Aminoaldehydes Produced by the Oxidation of Spermine and Spermidine with Purified Plasma Amine Oxidase","volume":"239","author":"Tabor CW","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1040740206"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-013-1560-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","first-page":"239","article-title":"Beneficial effects of a polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor on lupus in MRL\u2010lpr\/lpr mice","volume":"78","author":"Thomas TJ","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra021194"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gpb.2015.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3835(89)90140-7"}],"container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcen.13946","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cen.13946","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cen.13946","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cen.13946","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T12:19:21Z","timestamp":1694261961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cen.13946"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cen.13946"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cen.13946","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-0664","1365-2265"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-0664","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2265","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-10-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-02-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-03-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}