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These abnormalities can be caused by direct effects of adrenal hormones, particularly glucocorticoids and sex steroids, or be mediated by indirect mechanisms such as the disturbance of the growth hormone\u2010insulin\u2010like growth factor\u20101 axis and aromatization of androgens to oestrogens. The early diagnosis and optimal treatment of adrenal disorders can prevent or minimize growth disturbance and facilitate improved height gain. Mechanisms of growth disturbance in the following abnormal states will be discussed; hypercortisolaemia, hyperandrogenaemia and obesity. Prevalence and features of growth disturbance will be discussed in ACTH\u2010dependent and ACTH\u2010independent Cushing's syndrome, adrenocortical tumours, premature adrenarche, congenital adrenal hyperplasia and adrenal insufficiency disorders. Recommendations for management have been included.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]],"date-time":"2019-11-20T17:20:50Z","timestamp":1574270450000},"page":"98-108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Abnormal linear growth in paediatric adrenal diseases: Pathogenesis, prevalence and management"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Marianna","family":"Minnetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvana","family":"Caiulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital Milan 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