{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T04:26:01Z","timestamp":1783571161169,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]],"date-time":"2020-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01 HL114765"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01 HL114765"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01 HL144779"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01 HL144779"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5 P50 HL55000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5 P50 HL55000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01 HL136567"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01 HL136567"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F32 HL147453"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32 HL147453"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK107407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK107407"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK115392"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK115392"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK16618"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK16618"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RM\u201007\u20102002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RM\u201007\u20102002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1 HL085224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 HL085224"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1 HL086907"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 HL086907"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the influence of a dietary sodium intake intervention on cortisol measurements within the general population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010over intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six hundred thirty adults without known Cushing syndrome, cardiovascular or renal disease completed a restricted dietary sodium diet (10\u00a0mmol\/d, 230\u00a0mg\/d) followed by cross\u2010over to a liberalized dietary sodium diet (200\u00a0mmol\/d, 4600\u00a0mg\/d). Twenty\u2010four\u2010hour urine collection and biochemical investigations were performed at the end of each dietary intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean 24\u2010hour urinary free cortisol increased with liberalized sodium intake when compared with restricted sodium intake (178.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a089.7 vs 121.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a065.6\u00a0nmol\/d, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). Nearly all participants (84%) had an increase in the urinary free cortisol following liberalized sodium intake. This translated to a substantial difference in the proportion of participants exceeding categorical thresholds of urinary cortisol on liberalized vs restricted sodium intake: 62% vs 27% for 138\u00a0nmol\/d (50\u00a0mcg\/d), 46% vs 17% for 166\u00a0nmol\/d (60\u00a0mcg\/d), 32% vs 10% for 193\u00a0nmol\/d (70\u00a0mcg\/d), 23% vs 6% for 221\u00a0nmol\/d (80\u00a0mcg\/d), 17% vs 4% for 248\u00a0nmol\/d (90\u00a0mcg\/d). In parallel, there was a small decrease in morning total serum cortisol with liberalized sodium intake (303.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0117.3 vs 326.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0162.5\u00a0nmol\/L, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased dietary sodium intake increases urinary free cortisol excretion and may increase the risk for false\u2010positive results. Variations in dietary sodium intake may influence the interpretations of cortisol measurements performed to evaluate for hypercortisolism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]],"date-time":"2020-06-08T20:54:11Z","timestamp":1591649651000},"page":"539-545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Dietary sodium intake and cortisol measurements"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Angela X.","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department Endocrinology Flinders Medical Centre  Bedford Park SA Australia"},{"name":"College of Medicine and Public Health Flinders University  Bedford Park SA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea V.","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon H.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0314-9252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anand","family":"Vaidya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.1156"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17226\/25353"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.12.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000960"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13551"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0125"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12259"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1088"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000244688.45472.95"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2010.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.32.6.965"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-015-0676-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03348113"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-128X(98)00015-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.81.7.2468"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12225"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Urinary sodium is positively associated with urinary free cortisol and total cortisol metabolites in a cross\u2010sectional sample of Australian schoolchildren aged 5\u201312 years and their mothers","volume":"121","author":"Torres SJ","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563216687335"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2016.11.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000463831"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/40.4.786"}],"container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcen.14262","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cen.14262","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cen.14262","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cen.14262","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T17:07:21Z","timestamp":1693588041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cen.14262"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cen.14262"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cen.14262","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-0664","1365-2265"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-0664","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2265","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-04-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}