{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T12:25:53Z","timestamp":1762431953813,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009433","name":"Istituto Auxologico Italiano","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["02C502_2005","05F401_2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02C502_2005","05F401_2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009433","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sex steroids, administered as a priming before GH stimulation tests (GHST) to differentiate between growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) or as growth\u2010promoting therapy using low\u2010dose sex steroids (LDSS) in CDGP, are much debated. We aimed to compare auxological outcomes of CDGP or GHD children undergoing primed or unprimed GHST and to evaluate LDSS treatment in CDGP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective study among three paediatric University Hospitals in Italy and UK.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>184 children (72 females) aged 12.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.08\u00a0years underwent primed (\/P<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) or unprimed (\/P<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>) GHST and were followed up until final height (FH). CDGP patients were untreated (CDG P<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>) or received LDSS (CDGP<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>). The cohort included 34 CDG P<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\/P<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, 12 CDGP<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/P<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, 51 GHD\/P<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, 29 CDG P<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\/P<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>, 2 CDGP<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/P<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> and 56 GHD\/P<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>. FH standard deviation score (SDS), \u0394 SDS FH\u2010target height (TH) and degree of success (\u22121\u00a0\u2264\u00a0\u0394 SDS FH\u2010SDS TH \u2264 +1) were outcomes of interest.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>GHD\/P<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> had better FH\u2010SDS (\u22120.87 vs \u22121.49; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.023) and \u0394SDS FH\u2010TH (\u22120.35 vs \u22120.77; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.002) than CDGP<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\/P<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>. Overall, GHD\/P<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> showed the highest degree of success (90%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.006). Regardless of priming, both rhGH and LDSS improved degree of success compared to no treatment (89% and 86% vs 63%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0009). GHD\/P<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> showed a trend towards a higher proportion of permanent GHD compared to GHD\/P<jats:sup>\u2010<\/jats:sup> (30.43% vs 15.09%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.067).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In peripubertal children, priming before GHST improves diagnostic accuracy of GHST for idiopathic GHD. LDSS treatment improves auxological outcomes in CDGP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T02:04:21Z","timestamp":1600913061000},"page":"219-228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Clinical benefits of sex steroids given as a priming prior to GH provocative test or as a growth\u2010promoting therapy in peripubertal growth delays: Results of a retrospective study among ENDO\u2010ERN centres"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Galazzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases &amp; Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Improda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences Pediatric Endocrinology Unit Federico II University of Naples Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Cerbone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes at Great Ormond Street Children\u2019s Hospital University College London Hospitals London UK"},{"name":"Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme University College London Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Soranna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Statistics Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirella","family":"Moro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases &amp; Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Letizia Maria","family":"Fatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases &amp; Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6443-3858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Zambon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods University of Milano\u2010Bicocca Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5454-6074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Bonomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases &amp; Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS Milan Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariacarolina","family":"Salerno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences Pediatric Endocrinology Unit Federico II University of Naples Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0365-5809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehul","family":"Dattani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes at Great Ormond Street Children\u2019s Hospital University College London Hospitals London UK"},{"name":"Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme University College London Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2068-9581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Persani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases &amp; 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