{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T13:42:59Z","timestamp":1761745379221,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,2]],"date-time":"2021-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003122","name":"Ferring","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003122","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gynaecomastia is frequent in pubertal boys and is regarded as a self\u2010limiting abnormality. However, longitudinal studies proving this hypothesis are scarce.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Longitudinal follow\u2010up study (median 2.4, range 1.0\u20104.8\u00a0years).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The regression of breast diameter was analysed in 31 pubertal boys aged 11.7\u201016.1 (median 13.2)\u00a0years with gynaecomastia. Furthermore, weight changes (as BMI\u2010SDS) and pubertal stage, oestradiol [E2], oestriol, oestrone, androstenedione, testosterone [T], dihydrotestosterone, gonadotropins, IGF\u20101, and IGFBP\u20103 serum concentrations determined at first clinical presentation were related to breast diameter regression determined by palpation and disappearance of breast glandular tissue in ultrasound in follow\u2010up to identify possible predictors of breast regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the observation period, the breast diameter decreased (in median \u22121 (interquartile range [IQR] \u22125 to +1) cm). At follow\u2010up, 6% of boys had no breast enlargement any more, and 65% developed lipomastia. Gynaecomastia was still present in 29%. None of the analysed hormones was related significantly to breast diameter regression or disappearance of breast glandular tissue. In multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for observational period, as well as age and BMI\u2010SDS at first presentation, changes in BMI\u2010SDS (\u03b2\u2010coefficient 6.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.3, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.015) but not the E2\/T ratio or any other hormone determined at baseline was related to changes in breast diameter.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Breast diameter regression seems not to be predictable by a hormone profile in pubertal boys with gynaecomastia. In pubertal boys presenting with gynaecomastia, conversion to lipomastia of smaller volume is common. The reduction of weight status was the best predictor of breast diameter regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]],"date-time":"2020-12-23T07:05:08Z","timestamp":1608707108000},"page":"583-589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Transition from gynaecomastia to lipomastia in pubertal boys"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4351-1834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Reinehr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents Datteln University of Witten\/Herdecke Datteln Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Kulle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of Pediatrics University Hospital of Schleswig \u2013 Holstein Campus Kiel \/ Christian \u2013 Albrechts University of Kiel Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Barth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents Datteln University of Witten\/Herdecke Datteln Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Ackermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents Datteln University of Witten\/Herdecke Datteln Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reinhard W.","family":"Holl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry German Center for Diabetes Research University of Ulm Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul\u2010Martin","family":"Holterhus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of Pediatrics University Hospital of Schleswig \u2013 Holstein Campus Kiel \/ Christian \u2013 Albrechts University of Kiel Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"204","article-title":"Management of adolescent gynaecomastia: an update","volume":"88","author":"Soliman AT","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta 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