{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T14:23:45Z","timestamp":1750170225905,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated the frequency, risk factors and the follow\u2010up outcomes of thyroid nodules, and genetic alterations in thyroid cancer, in youth with childhood\u2010onset Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) residing in an iodine\u2010sufficient country.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 213 patients (194 females, mean age 10.6\u00a0years at the time of HT diagnosis) were ultrasonographically evaluated. Thyroid nodules were categorized using the Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (K\u2010TIRADS) and the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR\u2010TI\u2010RADS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thyroid nodules were detected in 40 (18.8%) patients over a median follow\u2010up period of 3.4\u00a0years, usually after the onset of puberty. A family history of thyroid disease (hazard ratio 2.1, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.031) was predictive of thyroid nodule detection. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was diagnosed in 9 (4.2% of all and 22.5% of nodule\u2010positive patients). The malignant nodules had a higher K\u2010TIRADS or ACR\u2010TI\u2010RADS risk level compared with benign nodules (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01 for both). Genetic alterations were revealed in 7 (<jats:italic>BRAF<jats:sup>V600E<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic> in 6 and <jats:italic>RET\u2010ERC1<\/jats:italic> fusion in 1) of the eight available tumour tissue samples. None showed evidence of disease over a median follow\u2010up period of 3.4\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The nodule detection rate was 18.8%, with a 22.5% risk of malignancy among the detected nodules in childhood\u2010onset HT patients, showing increased risk in those with a family history. Additional large\u2010scale studies are required to evaluate the usefulness of K\u2010TIRADS or ACR\u2010TI\u2010RADS risk level for the differentiation of paediatric thyroid nodules.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,24]],"date-time":"2021-04-24T17:16:05Z","timestamp":1619284565000},"page":"638-648","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Thyroid nodules in childhood\u2010onset Hashimoto's thyroiditis: Frequency, risk factors, follow\u2010up course and genetic alterations of thyroid cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Yun Jeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul National University Children\u2019s Hospital  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yeon Jin","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul National University Hospital  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"You Joung","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul National University Children\u2019s Hospital  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eun\u2010Jae","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul National University Hospital  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Hun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul National University 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