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While thiazides constitute one of the most common causes of hyponatraemia, data on loop diuretics and potassium\u2010sparing agents are limited and partly conflicting. The objective of this investigation was to study the association between use of different types of non\u2010thiazide diuretics and hospitalization due to hyponatraemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design, Patients and Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a register\u2010based case\u2010control study on the adult Swedish population. By linking national registers, patients hospitalized with a principal diagnosis of hyponatraemia (n\u00a0=\u00a011,213) from 1 October 2005 through 31 December 2014 were compared with matched controls (n\u00a0=\u00a044,801). Multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for multiple confounders, was used to analyse the association between use of diuretics and hyponatraemia. In addition, newly initiated use (\u226490\u00a0days) and ongoing use were examined separately.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) (95% CI) were 0.61 (0.57\u20130.66) for the use of furosemide, 1.69 (1.54\u20131.86) for the use of amiloride and 1.96 (1.78\u20132.18) for the use of spironolactone and hospitalization due to hyponatraemia. For newly initiated therapy, aORs ranged from 1.23 (1.04\u20131.47) for furosemide to 3.55 (2.75\u20134.61) for spironolactone. The aORs for ongoing use were 0.52 (0.47\u20130.57) for furosemide, 1.62 (1.47\u20131.79) for amiloride and 1.75 (1.56\u20131.98) for spironolactone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ongoing use of furosemide was inversely correlated with hospitalization due to hyponatraemia, suggesting a protective effect. Consequently, if treatment with furosemide precedes the development of hyponatraemia by some time, other causes of hyponatraemia should be sought. Spironolactone and amiloride may both contribute to hyponatraemia; this effect is most prominent early in treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T10:39:07Z","timestamp":1620815947000},"page":"520-526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Non\u2010thiazide diuretics and hospitalization due to hyponatraemia: A population\u2010based case\u2010control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Buster","family":"Mannheimer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Education S\u00f6dersjukhuset AB Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5622-6987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik","family":"Falhammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Karolinska University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Calissendorff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Karolinska University Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonatan D","family":"Lindh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3738-1367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakob","family":"Skov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Karlstad Central Hospital  Karlstad Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000119709"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfi082"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2009.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-117-11-891"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-1020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2013.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080451"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-019-02073-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-020-03086-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.103.2.601"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l1774"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.285.6335.89"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-016-0117-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.07.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1294"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-019-00511-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","unstructured":"Team RC.R: A language and environment for statistical computing. 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