{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T14:08:01Z","timestamp":1789567681922,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>We sought to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiency and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiple databases from 1\u00a0January\u00a02019 to 3 December\u00a02020 were searched for observational studies evaluating the association between vitamin D deficiency and severity of COVID\u201019 infection. Independent reviewers selected studies and extracted data for the review. The main outcomes of interest were mortality, hospital admission, length of hospital stay\u00a0and intensive care unit admission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventeen\u00a0observational studies with 2756 patients were included in the analyses. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with significantly higher mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 2.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50\u20134.05; 12 studies; hazard ratio [HR]: 4.11, 95% CI: 2.40\u20137.04; 3 studies), higher rates of hospital admissions (OR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.48\u20133.21; 3 studies)\u00a0and longer hospital stays (0.52 days; 95% CI: 0.25\u20130.80; 2 studies) as compared to nonvitamin D deficient status. Subgroup analyses based on different cut\u2010offs for defining vitamin D deficiency, study geographic locations\u00a0and latitude also showed similar trends.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency is associated with greater severity of COVID\u201019 infection. Further studies are warranted to determine if vitamin D supplementation can decrease the severity of COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T15:15:55Z","timestamp":1624461355000},"page":"281-287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Association of vitamin D deficiency with COVID\u201019 infection severity: Systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Zhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Care Delivery Research, Robert D. and Patricia E. 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