{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T23:38:32Z","timestamp":1782862712637,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G1100236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G1100236"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011271","name":"FP7 Coordination of Non-Community Research Programmes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201444"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201444"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011271","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010381","name":"European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Being born small for gestational age (SGA) is frequently associated with unexplained disorders of sex development (nonspecific DSD) in boys. Little is known about their future growth, puberty and testicular function. Our objective is to determine the long\u2010term endocrine outcome of boys born SGA who have a nonspecific DSD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Boys with a nonspecific DSD born SGA and appropriate for GA (AGA) were retrieved through the International Disorders of Sex Development registry and retrospective data collected, based on a spreadsheet containing 102 items.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 179 boys were included, of which 115 were born SGA and 64 were born AGA. Their growth and pubertal development were compared. Serum LH, FSH, testosterone, AMH and inhibin B levels in infancy and puberty were analysed to assess testicular function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At 2 years of age, 30% of SGA boys had incomplete or absent catch\u2010up growth. Boys born SGA also had higher LH during minipuberty and lower testosterone in stimulation tests (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.037 and 0.040, respectively), as compared to boys born AGA. No differences were observed in timing or course of puberty or end\u2010pubertal hormone levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Almost one out of three SGA boys with a nonspecific DSD experiences insufficient catch\u2010up growth. In addition, our data suggest dysfunction of infantile Leydig cells or altered regulation of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013gonadal axis in SGA boys during childhood. Sex steroid production during puberty seems unaffected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T12:26:50Z","timestamp":1634819210000},"page":"165-174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Growth, puberty and testicular function in boys born small for gestational age with a nonspecific disorder of sex development"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Lloyd J. W.","family":"Tack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics Ghent University Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology Service, Ghent University Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0472-2046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saskia","family":"van der Straaten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics Ghent University Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology Service, Ghent University Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Riedl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics St Anna Children's Hospital, Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Springer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul\u2010Martin","family":"Holterhus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital of Schleswig\u2010Holstein, UKSH Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadine C.","family":"Hornig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital of Schleswig\u2010Holstein, UKSH Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zofia","family":"Kolesinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology Poznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Niedziela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology Poznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Baronio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Centre for Rare Endocrine Conditions, S.Orsola\u2010Malpighi University Hospital Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Balsamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Centre for Rare Endocrine Conditions, S.Orsola\u2010Malpighi University Hospital Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine E.","family":"Hannema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology Erasmus Medical Centre, Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0405-3401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Nordenstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska University Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6806-9678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sukran","family":"Poyrazoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma F.","family":"Darendeliler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romina","family":"Grinspon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Ni\u00f1os Ricardo Guti\u00e9rrez, Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinol\u00f3gicas \u2018Dr C\u00e9sar Bergad\u00e1\u2019 (CEDIE), CONICET\u2013FEI\u2013Divisi\u00f3n de Endocrinolog\u00eda Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1100-3843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Rey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Ni\u00f1os Ricardo Guti\u00e9rrez, Centro de Investigaciones 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