{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T22:44:26Z","timestamp":1790376266464,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004334","name":"Merck","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004334","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>In children born small for gestational age (SGA), the relationship between growth hormone (GH) treatment and insulin resistance (IR) has only been investigated for a short period, necessitating a longer observation period. This study aimed to evaluate the long\u2010term (10 years) effect of GH to SGA\u2010children on IR and safety during treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a multicenter observational study.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Patients:<\/jats:bold> SGA\u2010children who received GH treatment in Spain (stratified by Tanner\u2010stage and age at GH onset [two groups: \u22646 years old or &gt;6 years old]).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Measurements:<\/jats:bold> The analysed variables (yearly measures) included auxologic, metabolic (insulin\u2010like growth factor\u20101 (IGF\u20101), height velocity [HV], weight and homeostatic model assessment\u2010IR [HOMA\u2010IR]) and safety data. Data were collected prospectively (since the study approval: 2007) and retrospectively (since the initiation of GH treatment: 2005\u20132007).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 389 SGA children (369 Tanner\u2010I) were recruited from 27 centres. The mean age (standard deviation) of the children at GH treatment onset was 7.2 (2.8) years old. IGF\u20101 (standard deviation score [SDS]) and HOMA\u2010IR values tended to increase until the sixth year of GH\u2010treatment, with significant differences being observed only during the first year, while these remained stable in the later years (within normal ranges). Height (SDS) increased significantly (basal: \u22123.0; tenth year: \u22121.13), and the maximum HV (SDS) occurred during the first year (2.75 \u00b1 2.39).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>HOMA\u2010IR values increased significantly in SGA\u2010children during the first year of GH\u2010treatment, remained stable and were within normal ranges in all cases. Our 10\u2010year data suggests that long\u2010term GH treatment does not promote IR and is well\u2010tolerated, safe and effective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T09:57:40Z","timestamp":1639043860000},"page":"558-568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Growth hormone treatment does not to lead to insulin resistance nor excessive rise in IGF\u20101 levels, while improving height in patients small for gestational age A long\u2010term observational study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9282-9139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan P.","family":"L\u00f3pez\u2010Siguero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Endocrinology Unit Hospital Universitario Materno\u2010Infantil Carlos Haya M\u00e1laga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0642-765X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria J.","family":"Mart\u00ednez\u2010Aedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Endocrinology Unit Hospital Universitario Materno\u2010Infantil Carlos Haya M\u00e1laga Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9223-8942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Antonio","family":"Berm\u00fadez de la Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Endocrinology Unit Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Macarena Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9978-4700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordi","family":"Bosch\u2010Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova Lleida Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5861-6041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso M.","family":"Lechuga\u2010Sancho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Unit Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar C\u00e1diz Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3584-2905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Triana","family":"Villalobos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Affairs Merck S.L.U. 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