{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T14:06:36Z","timestamp":1767276396716,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Insulin growth factor\u20101 (IGF\u20101) is used to evaluate growth hormone (GH) sufficiency and is decreased in children with Prader\u2013Willi syndrome (PWS). Although IGF\u20101 is negatively affected by body size and nutritional status, both of which are impaired in PWS children, these variables are typically not considered when assessing IGF\u20101 levels in these subjects. Here, we compared IGF\u20101 levels in PWS children to controls matched for age, sex, anthropometric parameters, and nutritional status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design\/Patients\/Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>The retrospective analysis included genetically diagnosed PWS subjects (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200965, median age; 14.0 months) and controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009111, 14.3 months) matched for age, sex, anthropometric parameters (height\u2010standard deviation score [SDS], weight\u2010SDS, body mass index\u2010SDS), and serum albumin levels, a marker for nutritional status. IGF\u20101 SDS was compared between PWS subjects and controls after adjustment for confounding variables. The GH provocation test was performed in 29 PWS subjects, and IGF\u20101 SDS was compared between GH\u2010sufficient (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920) and GH\u2010deficient (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099) subjects. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was performed to investigate the association between age and IGF\u20101 SDS. None had received GH or levothyroxine treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After adjustment for confounding variables, IGF\u20101 SDS was significantly lower in PWS subjects than controls (\u22121.56 vs. \u22121.01, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.003), while it was not different between GH\u2010sufficient and GH\u2010deficient PWS subjects. Correlation analysis failed to show an association between age and IGF\u20101 SDS both in control and PWS groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>IGF\u20101 SDS is lower in very young children with PWS independent of anthropometric parameters and nutritional status, suggesting the presence of hypothalamic dysfunction of GH secretion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]],"date-time":"2021-11-09T06:00:47Z","timestamp":1636437647000},"page":"346-352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Circulating insulin\u2010like growth factor 1 levels are reduced in very young children with Prader\u2013Willi syndrome independent of anthropometric parameters and nutritional status"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Mikiko","family":"Koizumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Nutrition, and Endocrinology Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital Izumi Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Yodogawa Christian Hospital  Osaka Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayako","family":"Konishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Nutrition, and Endocrinology Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital Izumi Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuri","family":"Etani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Nutrition, and Endocrinology Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital Izumi Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinobu","family":"Ida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital  Izumi Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4466-1559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masanobu","family":"Kawai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Nutrition, and Endocrinology Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital Izumi Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital Izumi Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.0b013e31822bead0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00002-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001709"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.5.1369"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"2423","article-title":"Changes in bone mineral density, body composition, and lipid metabolism during growth hormone (GH) treatment in children with GH deficiency","volume":"82","author":"Boot AM","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol 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