{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T22:39:57Z","timestamp":1776292797978,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is rare and can either be associated with normal or defective olfactory sensation, classified as normosmic IHH (nIHH) or Kallmann syndrome (KS). We do not yet understand the central processing pathways in the olfactory system. We aimed to compare the resting\u2010state structural and functional connectivity (FC) of olfactory neural pathways in patients with IHH. We hypotheses that alterations of structural\u00a0connectivity and FC may exist in the olfactory cortex pathways in IHH patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title><jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>: Structural and functional connectivity data results between two groups were analyzed<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Patients<\/jats:bold>: Twenty\u2010five IHH patients (13 nIHH patients and 12 KS patients) were recruited from the Department of Endocrinology and were assessed. A total of 25 age\u2010matched healthy male controls were recruited from the community.<jats:bold>Measurements<\/jats:bold>: All subjects underwent diffusion tensor imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans. Structural and functional connectivity data analyses were then performed. Pearson's correlation analyses were performed to investigate the correlations between the fractional anisotropy (FA) value and FC strength, showing significant differences among the three groups separately.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with the HC group, FA value in the right uncinate fasciculus (UF) decreased significantly in the IHH group. The olfactory cortex FC values of the right gyrus rectus, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and right middle temporal gyrus in the IHH group were decreased compared with those in the HC group. Moreover, there were significant negative correlations between right UF FA and olfactory cortex\u2010FC to both the gyrus rectus and OFC within the HC group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that alterations of structural and FC support the presence of neurobiological disruptions in IHH patients, particularly a specific structural\u2010functional asymmetry disruption may exist in the olfactory cortex pathways in IHH patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T10:12:06Z","timestamp":1646993526000},"page":"604-611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Unilaterally disrupted structural and functional connectivity of the fronto\u2010limbic system in idiopathic hypogonadotropic 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