{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:53:37Z","timestamp":1791420817607,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,18]],"date-time":"2022-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1023210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1023210"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1117538"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1117538"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1121504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1121504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Centre for Research Excellence in PCOS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Centre for Research Excellence in PCOS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Growth differentiation factor\u20109 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein\u201015 (BMP15) are critical paracrine regulators of female fertility and are predominantly expressed by oocytes. However, it is unknown if serum concentrations reflect changes in ovarian function and\/or reproductive endocrine disorders. This study aimed to determine if serum GDF9\/BMP15 are associated with ovarian, pituitary, oestrogenic, androgenic and metabolic characteristics and the ovarian pathologies, polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women aged 21\u221245 years (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009381) were included from a cross\u2010sectional study at the National University Hospital, Singapore. <jats:bold>Patients<\/jats:bold>: Participants were volunteers and patients with possible PCOS. <jats:bold>Measurements<\/jats:bold>: Anthropometric measurements, transvaginal ultrasound scans and serum sampling were performed and a questionnairecompleted. Serum GDF9 and BMP15 concentrations were matched with menstrual cycle length, ovarian protein and steroid hormone production, pituitary hormone production and metabolic assessments in women with PCOM or PCOS and those with neither (control).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum GDF9 and BMP15 were detectable in 40% and 41% of women, respectively and were positively correlated with each other (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.08, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003). GDF9, but not BMP15, was positively correlated with ovarian volume (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02) and antral follicle count\u00a0(AFC) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004), but not with anti\u2010M\u00fcllerian hormone\u00a0(<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.05). However, serum GDF9 and BMP15 concentrations were not significantly different between control, PCOM and PCOS women, nor associated with androgenic or metabolic PCOS features. However, the relationship between GDF9 and AFC differed between control, PCOM and PCOS women (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum GDF9 and BMP15 concentrations somewhat reflect ovarian but not androgenic or metabolic characteristics of PCOS, with increased GDF9 reflecting high AFC as seen in PCOM\/PCOS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T06:19:10Z","timestamp":1668406750000},"page":"567-577","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Serum GDF9 and BMP15 as potential markers of ovarian function in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7633-6294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelique H.","family":"Riepsamen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fertility &amp; Research Centre, School of Clinical Medicine University of New South Wales Sydney  New South Wales Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark W.","family":"Donoghoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stats Central, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre University of New South Wales Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inthrani R.","family":"Indran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leah","family":"Hechtman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fertility &amp; Research Centre, School of Clinical Medicine University of New South Wales Sydney  New South Wales Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fertility &amp; Research Centre, School of Clinical Medicine University of New South Wales Sydney  New South Wales Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert B.","family":"Gilchrist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fertility &amp; Research Centre, School of Clinical Medicine University of New South Wales Sydney  New South Wales Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William L.","family":"Ledger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fertility &amp; Research Centre, School of Clinical Medicine University of New South Wales Sydney  New South Wales Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6511-770X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eu\u2010Leong","family":"Yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det469"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey256"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2016.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmm040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2006.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/77033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/383531a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.09.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmq032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-012-9825-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.3.8316"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2123"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2019-00264"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.47"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12984"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu050"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6139"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.6.1487"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-021-01277-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh098"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13755"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(97)80089-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.06.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","article-title":"Development of novel elisas for human GDF9 and BMP15 homodimers and the GDF9: BMP15 heterodimer","author":"Kalra B","year":"2017","journal-title":"99th Ann\u00a0Meeting\u00a0Endocrine Soc: Endocrine Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","volume-title":"R: a Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118032985"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.1992.10475837"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","unstructured":"LeeL.\u00a0NADA: nondetects and data analysis for environmental data. R package version 1.6\u22121.1.\u00a02020."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1995.10476499"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019-01094"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gat027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gat089"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2018.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M115.056887"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13224-013-0482-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.05.003"},{"issue":"16","key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","first-page":"2185","article-title":"Characteristics of abnormal menstrual cycle and polycystic ovary syndrome in community and hospital populations","volume":"123","author":"Ma Y\u2010M","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det262"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0646"}],"container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cen.14851","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cen.14851","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cen.14851","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T06:37:54Z","timestamp":1692686274000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cen.14851"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,18]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cen.14851"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cen.14851","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-0664","1365-2265"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-0664","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2265","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-09-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}