{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T16:37:41Z","timestamp":1792427861355,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>COVID\u201019 has a wide spectrum of clinical severity and there is evidence that SARS\u2010Cov2 affects several organs and systems. Among the organs affected since the beginning of the pandemic, the relationship between SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection and thyroid involvement has been demonstrated. Novel and highly effective messenger RNA and DNA\u2010based vaccines have been rapidly developed to decrease SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 morbidity and mortality. Early after mass vaccinations, cases of thyroid dysfunction mainly including episodes of subacute thyroiditis, began to be reported like adverse effects. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of the pandemic, both due to SARS\u2010CoV2 infections and vaccinations, on the incidence of Graves' disease (GD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional, observational study comparing incidence of GD in adult population (over 18 years) before (2017\u20132019) and after (2020\u20132021) Covid\u201019 pandemic. Only patients with new cases of GD, no relapsed diseases, were included. SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 diagnosis was based on nucleic acid amplification tests on nasopharyngeal swabs or measurement of class M and class G antibodies to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 by highly specific assays. Data on incidence and vaccination related to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection were obtained from the public records from Castilla y Le\u00f3n autonomous regional government.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 180 subjects were diagnosed and treated for GD during the study period. We observed a notable increase in expected GD cases in 2021 compared to 2017\u201319. The number of GD cases was higher in the second (Q2) quarter. Among 2021 GD cases, 42\/66 patients (63.6%) had been vaccinated in the 90 days before symptom onset, but none of them in the first quarter of the year. A total of 97.7% were women with a mean age of 48.9 (<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic> 15.6) years. On average they were diagnosed 19.9 (<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic> 17.6) days after receiving the vaccine. A total of 7\/42 (16.67%) had another previously diagnosed autoimmune disease and 11\/42 (26.19%) were smokers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results show a notable increase in the incidence of GD during the year 2021, specially in women with a history of smoking. Hyper activation of the immune system induced by SARS\u2010CoV2 and by the recently released SARS\u2010COV\u20102 vaccines has been highlighted in recent months. To assess whether this observed increase in the incidence of GD is sustained in the coming years or has simply been a precipitous trigger for individuals who were already predisposed to develop the disease, future studies will be needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T06:53:36Z","timestamp":1670914416000},"page":"730-737","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Increased incidence of Graves' disease during the SARS\u2010CoV2 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4728-2346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David E.","family":"Barajas Galindo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Endocrinology and Nutrition Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Le\u00f3n  Le\u00f3n Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Ramos Bachiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Endocrinology and Nutrition Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Le\u00f3n  Le\u00f3n Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez Roza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Endocrinology and Nutrition Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Le\u00f3n  Le\u00f3n Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda","family":"Garc\u00eda Ruiz de Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inmunology Unit Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Le\u00f3n and Instituto de Biomedicina Universidad de Le\u00f3n (IBIOMED)  Le\u00f3n Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"S\u00e1nchez Lasheras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias y Tecnolog\u00edas Espaciales de Asturias (ICTEA) University of Oviedo  Oviedo Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez Arn\u00e1iz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Endocrinology and Nutrition Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Le\u00f3n  Le\u00f3n Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Ariadel Cobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Endocrinology and Nutrition Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Le\u00f3n  Le\u00f3n Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5729-9926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda D.","family":"Ballesteros Pomar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Endocrinology and Nutrition Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Le\u00f3n  Le\u00f3n Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isidoro Cano","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Endocrinology and Nutrition Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Le\u00f3n  Le\u00f3n Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"WHO Coronavirus (COVID\u201019) Dashboard [Internet]. 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