{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T23:26:00Z","timestamp":1783725960373,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Outcomes of childhood\u2010onset Graves' disease (GD) and suggested duration of anti\u2010thyroid drug (ATD) therapy have been controversial. This study aimed to determine long\u2010term outcomes following ATD therapy, including remission and relapse rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design, patients and measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective study of 265 paediatric patients with GD who were initially treated with ATD was conducted. Long\u2010term outcomes were analysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Median (IQR) age at diagnosis was 11.5 (9.4, 13.7) years. Duration of ATD treatment was 4.3 (2.3, 6.7) years and time since diagnosis to the enrolment was 7.1 (3.8, 10.9) years. There were 77, 93 and 95 patients who underwent definitive treatment, had ATD discontinuation, and were still being treated with ATD, respectively. The remission rate was 21% (56 out of 265 patients) and relapse rate was 40% (37 out of 93 patients). Cumulative incidence of first remission increased with the duration of ATD treatment with maximum remission rate at 5.3 years following ATD therapy. Among patients who experienced relapse, approximately 50% had disease relapse which occurred within 1 year after ATD discontinuation. Patients with goitre size of less than 3.5\u2009cm, thyroid\u2010stimulating hormone receptor antibody of less than 10\u2009IU\/L, no ophthalmopathy at diagnosis and methimazole dose requirement of less than 0.25\u2009mg\/kg\/day at 1 year after treatment were more likely to achieve remission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Remission rate of childhood\u2010onset GD was relatively low following ATD treatment. Longer\u2010term ATD therapy was associated with increased remission rate. Approximately 50% of patients with relapse had disease relapse within 1 year following ATD discontinuation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T08:05:21Z","timestamp":1671782721000},"page":"823-831","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Long\u2010term outcomes of anti\u2010thyroid drug treatment in childhood\u2010onset Graves' disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Dolrutai","family":"Puttawong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5670-2963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pat","family":"Mahachoklertwattana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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