{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T11:45:17Z","timestamp":1784547917067,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To (1) identify the frequency of IGF\u20101 elevation in a cohort of patients without clinically suspected GH excess, in a state\u2010based reference laboratory over a 24\u2010month period, and (2) to examine potential differences in comorbidities and relevant medications between people with an elevated IGF\u20101 compared to a matched control group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>All IGF\u20101 measurements at Pathology Queensland between 1\/12\/2018\u20131\/12\/2020 were identified. The medical records of those with IGF\u20101 \u22651.1x the upper limit of the reference range were appraised to determine: (1) documentation of acromegalic features, (2) relevant comorbidities and medication use, and (3) further investigations to exclude pathological GH excess.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 2759 IGF\u20101 samples measured in 1963 people \u226518 years, over the specified period. Of these, 204 had IGF\u20101 \u22651.1x the upper limit of the age\u2010matched reference range; 102 cases (61M, 41F) met inclusion criteria, and were matched to 102 controls with a normal IGF\u20101 based on age, sex, gonadal status and pituitary anatomy on MRI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were significant differences in the frequency of dopamine agonist use (19\/102 cases vs. 6\/102 controls, OR\u2009=\u20093.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.45\u20139.29, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.009) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (14\/102 cases vs. 4\/102 controls, OR\u2009=\u20093.90, 95%\u00a0CI: 1.28\u201311.14, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.024).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Out of 1963 patients having IGF\u20101 measured, 102 (5.2%) had an elevated IGF\u20101 where there was no known acromegaly, GH replacement or endogenous glucocorticoid excess. Intraindividual biological variability, assay imprecision and physiological factors are known contributors to falsely elevated IGF\u20101, dopamine agonist therapy and CKD should also be considered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]],"date-time":"2023-04-08T01:58:54Z","timestamp":1680919134000},"page":"296-305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Elevated insulin\u2010like growth factor\u20101 in patients without clinical evidence of acromegaly"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Careless","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5078-4980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Warrick J.","family":"Inder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Academy for Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carel","family":"Pretorius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6184-7833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2017.00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2700"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Insulin\u2010like growth factors and their binding proteins: biological actions","volume":"16","author":"Jones JI","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20412"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-016-0754-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17925\/EE.2018.14.2.57"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-21-0024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-016-0735-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.8.8658"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13974"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"DiaSorin. 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